Masharipov jahongir axmedovich conceptual analysis of the components of metaphor with the elements of mentality in english and uzbek

 
Conclusions to Chapter two 
In this chapter we discussed how mentality can affect to the usage of metaphor. We 
tried to explain why some mentality elements can be universal, whereas some of 
them are unique to one particular language. We also discussed alternative 
conceptual metaphors, and how certain concepts (as an impact of mentality) 
changed their perception. Thus, mentality elements related to those concepts are 
attempted to explain. 

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CHAPTER III. METPHORS ENCOMPASSING MENTALITY 
ELEMENTS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES AND THEIR 
CLASSIFICATION. (ON THE MATERIALS OF “A TREE GROWS IN 
BROOKLYN” AND “DUNYONING ISHLARI”) 
In fact we have to distinguish culture from mentality. As in some cases their 
border is quite similar that one is confused about what is what. Yet, there are 
certain discrepancies between them. Kovecses explains his attitude clearly by 
relying upon the notion of culture, he chooses several languages to compare and 
based on one concept he tries to illustrate metaphors in those languages. 
Sometimes there are similarities in term of notions between the languages, whereas 
occasionally it can be met clear differences. Though we agree with his contention, 
we argue that it is somehow incomplete, as in order to make metaphors we use first 
our brain which is under the influence of mentality, and then culture. Therefore, we 
have to differentiate these notions. 
While our research in differentiating them, we encountered a bit hardship. 
Since most literature presents either vague information or explains only one of 
them. The most striking thing is their definitions in most cases are quite similar, 
yet we managed to put a boundary between them. We have also asked several 
scientists and linguists about it. We contend that they are about how we behave, 
our values, our customs and traditions; yet mentality is related to cognition, that is 
to say it is directly pertained to our thinking, it is fruit of brain, whereas culture is 
rather related to actions and deeds, it is when our thoughts put into action. Thus, 
when we ponder about one concept, tradition, value and whatsoever its mentality, 
when we act it is culture. Mentality rather than culture is flexible, and it can spread 
across various cultures. We can differentiate several mentality kinds, according to 
nationality, age, profession, geographical location, flora and fauna, social status 
and so on. The interesting thing is that mentality rather changeable than culture. 
Within one single century it can be in various forms, since almost everything, like 

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innovations, destructions, obsoleteness, development can affect to the layout of 
mentality. One can agree that both terms can be obsolete in certain time. Thus, they 
are so broad, meanwhile a kind of vague notions. What are we going to do in this 
chapter is we first sort out particular common metaphors which containing 
mentality elements in the English and Uzbek languages, group them in one certain 
conceptual metaphor, and classify them according to mentality types (as above 
mentioned). We tried to choose the most commonplace metaphors so we chose two 
literary
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* works namely “A tree in Brooklyn” by Betty Smith and “Dunyoning 
ishlari” by O’tkir Hoshimov and we intend to classify them in aforementioned 
manner. Wherever possible, we’ll try to give equivalents in the other language, or 
if there is not one it will be presented word for word version or we can give a 
definition to them. Though our aim is only to figure out metaphors in one