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Paradigma Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol 10 No. 2 (2020)
profesional berkebangsaan Australia. Metode penerjemahan yang tepat diperlukan untuk
menghasilkan terjemahan pidato politik yang berkualitas. Penelitian kualitatif model
komparatif ini menggunakan konsep metode penerjemahan yang digagas oleh Newmark
(1988). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode penerjemahan yang
paling sering digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah metode penerjemahan semantis dan
metode penerjemahan komunikatif. Metode penerjemahan semantis digunakan untuk
menerjemahkan bagian tubuh pidato, sedangkan metode penerjemahan komunikatif
untuk menerjemahkan bagian pembukaan dan penutupan.
Kedua metode itu dianggap
cocok untuk menerjemahkan pidato politik.
KATA KUNCI
Penerjemahan; Pidato Politik; Metode Penerjemahan; Metode Penerjemahan Semantis;
Metode Penerjemahan Komunikatif.
1. INTRODUCTION
Translation is often regarded a complex activity as it is arguably more than just a linguistic activity. For
example, when translating a legal text from one
language into another language, a translator has to consider
not only linguistic differences between the two texts involved (the source text [ST] and target text [TT]) but
also two different legal systems embedded in the ST and its TT. Therefore, in the translation process the
translator has to be aware of the differences between the two legal systems or special legal terms and find
ways to bridge the two systems. There is also a possibility that the translator have to consult with legal experts
or do research on the legal
systems of different countries, for example. Legal terms found in the translation
are also an inevitable challenge that the translator will have to face in translating legal texts. Translating other
types of texts might also bring its own unique translation challenges and difficulties.
Those conditions show that translation can indeed go beyond a linguistic activity. This is in line with
translation definition proposed by House (2014), who states that translation is not only a linguistic act but also
an act of communication, or with translation definition proposed by Lefevere (1992) who states that translation
is a re-writing of the original text.
Echoing their statements, Bassnett (1992) argues that translation is not
only a kind of pure linguistic activity but also a kind of intra-culture and inter-culture communication. In other
words, according to Bassnett, translation is not merely a linguistic transfer but also a cross-cultural activity.
Simply put, a translation activity often requires the translator to do more than just translating. He might also
be required to go beyond that:
researching, consulting, comparing parallel texts, and doing other relevant
activities. Hence, it is argued that a translator must not only have linguistic knowledge only but also general
knowledge and particular knowledge related to the text(s) that he translates. The complexity of translation
can be even more palpable when it comes to translating a political speech.
In general, political speeches are often used by politicians to communicate their
messages or views to
the public. Political speeches can also be used as a tool for persuasion, for giving instructions, or for giving
directions from a politician to the general public. Newmark (1996) argues that political speech is
considered
one of the most important ways used by politicians during campaigns and adds that translation of political
language is an abstraction of an abstraction. Meanwhile, Charteris-Black (2014) states that a political speech
is a coherent stream of spoken language usually prepared for delivery by a speaker to audience for a purpose
on a political occasion. It can also be added that political speech differs from other types of speech in terms of
the one who delivers the speech: a speech can be considered a political speech if
the one who delivers it has
a political position. In the meantime, Erisen (2014) stated speeches offer presidents an opportunity to set the