Teach english new edition r

simple
continuous
present perfect
I’ve read his new book. 
They haven’t arrived yet.
I’ve been reading his new book. 
They haven’t been travelling for 
long.
past perfect
He had studied English as a child. 
1 had never worked with a robot 
before.
He had been w aiting for about 
half an hour.
They hadn’t been talking for 
more than a m inute when ...
future perfect
I’ ll have finished this homework 
by tomorrow.
By this time next year, 
1
w ill have 
been to the gym about 160 tim es.
In August we’ll have been living 
here for tw enty-six years.
When you get back, I’ ll have 
been working on this chapter for 
six hours.
Active and passive
Another distinction to be made about verbs is that between active and passive. Active 
sentences have a subject (S), a verb (V) and an object (O), e.g.
| A scene of utter chaos jconfronted her.
S 
V
O
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Chapter 5
If we flip things around, however, starting with the object (and, in effect, making it the 
subject) we get a passive sentence, e.g.
She was confronted by a scene of utter chaos.
Passives are formed by the auxiliary + past participle of the verb in question, e.g. ‘It’s made 
in Taiwan’, ‘They’re being processed right now’ (present), ‘He was met by the president’, 
‘The plan was being worked on’ (past), ‘You’ll be taken to the airport’, ‘She’s going to be 
offered a new job’ (future), etc.
Passive constructions are often used when we don’t know or we don’t want to say who 
did something (e.g. ‘It’s been destroyed’, ‘It was decided that you should leave’), or when we 
want to give a different emphasis to the subject and object of an action (‘The prim e minister 
opened the new bridge’ versus ‘The new bridge was opened by the prim e m inister’).