Teach english new edition r

simple
continuous
present
John is in the kitchen. 
1 love it here.
W hat’s happening? 
I’m 
not listening.
past
She said goodbye.
He cried.
She didn’t buy a new cellphone.
He was w aiting at the gate. 
They weren’t listening.
Participles
There are two participle forms in English - present participles, e.g. ‘taking’, ‘talking’, 
‘happening’, ‘going’, and past participles, e.g. ‘taken’, ‘talked’, ‘happened’, ‘gone’.
Regular and irregular verbs
We can talk about verbs as regular or irregular. Regular verbs take the ‘-ed’ ending in the 
past, e.g. ‘talked’, ‘happened’, ‘laughed’ and past participle forms (which are the same). 
Irregular verbs have different past tense forms, e.g. ‘ran’, ‘went’, ‘bought’, ‘saw’ and different 
past participles (e.g. ‘run’, ‘gone’, ‘bought’, ‘seen’, etc).
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Describing language
Perfect verbs
Perfect verbs are those made with ‘have/had’ + the past participle (or ‘been + the ‘-mg’ form 
of the verb, e.g. ‘I have lived here for six years’, ‘They had just arrived’, ‘She will have been 
to six countries’, ‘He’s been jogging’, ‘He hadn’t been listening’, ‘They’ll have been travelling 
for sixteen hours’).
People have struggled for years to explain exactly what concept present perfect verbs 
express. It has been variously described as suggesting the idea of an action started in the 
past but continuing up until the present, the idea of an action started in the past which 
has present relevance, or the idea of an action on a continuum which has not yet finished. 
Thus, we can say ‘I’ve been to Santiago’ and, although we are talking about an event in the 
past, we don’t use the past simple (see above) perhaps because we wish to stress the present 
relevance of having been to Santiago or because it occurred on the unfinished continuum
o f ‘my life’.
Apart from present perfect verb forms with ‘have’, e.g. ‘She’s studied Portuguese’, we 
can also have past perfect verb forms with ‘had’, e.g. ‘He had been asleep’, ‘They had been 
laughing all the way hom e’. In this case, the verb describes an action before the past and 
continuing up until that point in the past - or at least having a kind o f ‘past relevance’.
The future perfect refers to the period between now and some point in the future 
when we will be able to look back and describe an action taking place up until that point 
in the future (e.g. ‘If he wins the gold medal this year, he will have won it five times in 
succession’).
As with past verb forms, there are both simple and continuous perfect verb forms as 
the following table shows.