Poems of the middle period
Wordsworth, even while writing his contributions to the Lyrical Ballads, had been feeling
his way toward more ambitious schemes. He had embarked on a long poem in unrhymed verse,
"The Ruined Cottage," later referred to as "The Peddlar." It was intended to form part of a vast
philosophical poem with the title "The Recluse, or Views of Man, Nature and Society." This grand
project never materialized as originally planned.
Abstract, impersonal speculation was not comfortable for Wordsworth. He could handle
experiences in the philosophical-lyrical manner only if they were closely related to himself and
could arouse his creative feelings and imagination. During the winter months he spent in Germany,
he started work on his magnum opus (greatest work), The Prelude, or Growth of a Poet's Mind. It
was published after his death.
However, such a large achievement was still beyond Wordsworth's scope (area of
capabilities) at this time. It was back to the shorter poetic forms that he turned during the most
productive season of his long literary life, the spring of 1802. The output of these fertile (creative)
months mostly came from his earlier inspirations: nature and the common people. During this time
he wrote "To a Butterfly," "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," "To the Cuckoo," "The Rainbow," and
other poems.
Changes in philosophy
The crucial event of this period was Wordsworth's loss of the sense of mystical oneness,
which had sustained (lasted throughout) his highest imaginative flights. Indeed, a mood of
despondency (depression) descended over Wordsworth, who was then thirty-two years old.
In the summer of 1802 Wordsworth spent a few weeks in Calais, France, with his sister
Dorothy. Wordsworth's renewed contact with France only confirmed his disillusionment
(disappointment) with the French Revolution and its aftermath.
During this period Wordsworth had become increasingly concerned with Coleridge, who by
now was almost totally dependent upon opium (a highly addictive drug) for relief from his physical
sufferings. Both friends came to believe that the realities of life were in stark contradiction
(disagreement) to the visionary expectations of their youth. Wordsworth characteristically sought to
redefine his own identity in ways that would allow him a measure of meaning. The new turn his life
took in 1802 resulted in an inner change that set the new course his poetry followed from then on.
Poems about England and Scotland began pouring forth from Wordsworth's pen, while
France and Napoleon (1769–1821) soon became Wordsworth's favorite symbols of cruelty and
oppression. His nationalistic (intense pride in one's own country) inspiration led him to produce the
two "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland" (1803, 1814) and the group entitled "Poems Dedicated to
National Independence and Liberty."
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |