110
oping powder primer surfacers that are applied at lower film thicknesses yet retain adequate level-
ling and smoothness. The main reason for the need to apply powder primer surfacers in a film layer
greater than 60 µm is the particle size distribution. Since powders contain particles with diameters
around 50 µm, optimum film forming to yield smooth surfaces requires higher film thicknesses than
that. Thus, these studies have focussed on reducing particle size and producing a narrower particle
size distribution. The processes which have been developed are very complex and expensive. How-
ever, there are limitations to this approach. Smaller particles are less amenable to fluidisation; they
do not form mobile aerosols due to strong particle-particle interaction. Furthermore, additives that
boost fluidisation do not work perfectly as they impair other film properties.
Unlike electrostatically applied liquid primer surfacers, electrostatically sprayed powder primer sur-
facers offer a primary material transfer efficiency of just 50 % by weight (the figure for other methods
is up to 85 %). This means that only half of the powder is applied to the object during spraying. How-
ever, again unlike liquid primer surfacers, the overspray can be recycled and returned to the appli-
cation. The resultant transfer efficiency for the whole application process, including recycling is as
much as 95 % by weight, which exceeds that of all other application methods. However, recycling
poses a risk of contamination. Once again, unlike liquid paints, powder coatings are not made in a
way that lends itself to removal of contamination. To circumvent this problem, special application
methods have been developed for powder primer surfacers. As with other types of coating, there are
two application steps. In the first, the powder is sprayed onto the lower part of the car body (bottom
group). In the second, the upper parts, which are more visible, are coated. Fresh powder is used for
the second step only. All powder collected
for recycling is fed to the first step, i.e. the
coating of the lower parts of the car body.
If a potential
contamination means that
the primer surfacer film is not so perfect
in that area, this is not visible. The under-
lying principle is shown in Figure 3.5.21.
Coloured powder primer surfacers are also
available. It must be borne in mind that
changing the colours of powder coatings
in the application line is much more com-
plicated than with wet paints. For a better
impression of the application of a powder
primer surfacer, see Figure 3.5.22
[105]
.
Figure 3.5.21: Two-stage application method for powder primer surfacers
Figure 3.5.22: Car body in powder primer surfacer spray
booth.
Automotive
OEM coatings