Speaking monologue.
Spoken monologue, that is oral presentations, can be a feature of EOP and EA work. Mostly
the teaching of oral presentations in EAP occurs in English- medium situations with some
examples in EAP courses for tour guides, sales, representatives and professional people such
as doctors and engineers. An effective oral presentation is built on language and skills and
requires confidence. ESP courses are likely to look at: structuring, visuals, voice and advance
signaling as well as language.
Structuring presentation has much in common with structuring written communication in as
much as listeners want a clear map to follow; there should be a start, middle and an end. It is
often said, “Visuals are worth a thousand words”. Yes, if they are good and used well,
otherwise…..! Visuals can include a few written words but are hardly visual if they are
primarily text and then get read aloud.
Voice work
may include pronunciation but intonation usually hinders comprehension more.
Phrasing, pausing, speed of delivery, volume and tone variation all play an important role
and may need as much attention as the actual words. Pausing is silence and often feels
uncomfortable to a less confident speaker. It is though essential processing time for listeners.
Silence is also a part of the language of visuals; the silent time when the visuals make its
impact and the audience absorbs and processes the information.
Writing skills in ESP.
We believe that knowledge of genre is a key element in all communication and especially
significant in writing academic and professional texts. Knowledge of genre involves an
understanding of the expectations of the discourse community that text and of the
conventions that have developed over time about the structure, the language and the rhetoric
of the genre. Developing writing skills also involves other skills, notably the skills of
planning, drafting and revising so that the end product is appropriate both to the purpose of
the writing and the intended readership. The students may start by planning the piece of
writing and the do the actual writing. In planning writing and revising writers will have in
mind a reader and will think about the needs of that reader and the purpose of the document.
They will have a map to guide them their message, audience and purpose. Writers need to
ask themselves questions such as whether to expand a point provide an example or define a
term in order to help the reader understand the text or to persuade him of the validity of the
argument presented. For example, if we write an introduction to a business report or an
academic article, we need, on the one hand, to consider how the text can be made clear and
interesting to the people that will read the introduction.
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