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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
1.1Ernst Theodor Hoffman’s way of life……………...
1.2. Structure and content of the work……………………………………..
1.3.The Sandman: Characterizations – Overview………………..
CHAPTER II
2.1.Historical background……………………………..
2.2.Structure and style……………………………………………………….
CONCLUSION……………………………………………..
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………..
INTRODUCTION
ETA Hoffmann's romantic story "The Sandman" reflects one
central conflict of his epoch: it is about the conflict between reason,
fantasy, rationality and imagination.
The story begins with three letters that precede the following report by the
actual first-person narrator. In the first letter, the protagonist of the story,
the young, artistically gifted student Nathanael, writes to his foster brother
Lothar. In this he tells of the strange encounter with a weather glass dealer
Coppola, which put him in strong mental turmoil. The esteemed Lothar could
only understand this if one was informed about a traumatic childhood
experience of Nathanael. This is exactly what the student reports:
As a child, he, Nathanael, was regularly sent to bed by his mother
with the threat that the Sandman was already on his way. One evening he
once again heard strange noises for which he had no explanation. That's
why he hid secretly in his father's room because - motivated by childish
curiosity - he wanted to find out what was behind the alleged fairy tale
figure of the Sandman. In fact, he was able to unmask the family hated
advocate (lawyer) Coppelius as just this sandman. He apparently carried
out alchemical experiments with his intimidated father. However,
Coppelius discovered him and threatened to forcibly remove his eyes.
Today, many years later, he met that hated Coppelius again.
Clara, his fiancé, replied to the first letter of Nathanael, also in letter
form. She mistakenly received and read the letter that was actually
addressed to her brother. She tries to take away Nathaniel's fear by giving
a rational explanation for the childhood experience: The danger posed by
the sandman is only imaginary and real
logical consequence of psychological processes. In reality, there is no such
figure acting on Nathanael from the outside with malicious intent. So he can
calm down
.
As the story progresses, the events are now presented by a first-
person narrator who describes himself as the protagonist's friend. He
reports how Nathanael's belief in the workings of dark forces gradually
increases. Nathanael is obviously suffering from some kind of paranoia.
His fiancée Clara tries to take away these fears, which determine him and
his life, but he doesn't succeed. On the contrary: a poem recited by
Nathanael with great fervor, which deals with the violent destruction of
his love for Clara, leads to a big argument, which can be resolved in the
end, so that Nathanael returns happily to his place of study
.
Once there, he is visited again by the weather glass dealer Coppola.
He sells him a small pocket telescope, which Nathanael uses to get a
sneak peek at the legendary daughter of his professor Spalanzani. The
socially deprived girl named Olimpia lives in a room that Nathanael
overlooks from his dorm room. He observes her more and more often
through his telescope and falls in love with the unknown beauty - an
invitation to the professor's house ball comes at just the right time.
Nathanael attends the ball and, during a chance visit to Spalanzani's
room, witnesses an outrageous occurrence: Coppola, the weather glass
dealer, is a guest and has a rough argument with the landlord over
Olimpia. The two fight for the girl and violently destroy her. Nathanael has
to realize that the love of his life is actually just a automaton doll. These
shocking impressions are too much for the sensitive artist soul: the young
man goes insane and, with murderous intent, throws himself at
Spalanzani, who, however, manages to escape.
Nathanael is taken to a mental hospital and wakes up in Clara's arms
seemingly cured after a long illness. But this appearance is deceptive: Bei
After a trip to a lookout tower with the happy Clara, Nathanael suffers a
serious setback
.
When he sees the hated lawyer Coppelius in the crowd gathering under
the tower, he throws himself off the tower and dies.
(Excerpt from Chapter 1 of EinFach Deutsch... Understanding: ETA Hoffmann: Der
Sandmann, published by Bildungshaus Schulbuchverlage Westermann Schroedel
Diesterweg Schöningh Winklers GmbH)
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