Article in The Bulletin of Legal Medicine · December 014 doi: 10. 17986/blm. 2014193853 citation reads 13,105 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects



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The Role of Psychology in Investigations

The Radex of Criminality
A need to identify the commonalities and the 
differences across any type of crime has arisen due to the 
recognition of inappropriateness of previous theories 
claiming to categorize the offenders in distinct groups.
T h e s i m p l e c a t e g o r i z a t i o n o f a s s i g n i n g e a c h 
crime/criminal to one of the crime types cannot capture 
the complex nature of criminality and overlooks the 
overlapping themes observed among different types of 
crimes. 
A radex model, first proposed by Guttman (1954; cited 
in 7) as a new method of factor analysis, was utilized in 
criminal context in order to explore the typicality and the 
salience of behaviors across various crimes.
actions become more salient and more specific to each 
crime. 
The style of offending refers to a more specific pattern 
of offender behaviors. The examination of offending style 
will yield interpretable groupings with the identification 
of co-occurring behaviors. The comparison of criminals 
who act on his impulses and commit opportunist crimes 
vs. the ones who go through a detailed planning and 
preparation phase is an example of the evaluation of 
offending styles.
Modus Operandi (MO), is a set of specific actions 
which are relatively unusual that an offender engages in 
whilst committing the offence. MO refers to the set of 
actions that is typical to an offender. Choice of a weapon is 
an action considered as part of an offender's MO.
Signature is the most distinct pattern of actions which 
are unique to a particular offender. It is relatively unusual 
for an offender to leave a specific “behavioral fingerprint” 
in every crime (3, p.95). One problem is the difficulty in 
identifying the actions that are unique to an offender, and 
to make sure it is not an action shared by other individuals. 
Another problem is the risk of other offenders copying the 
'signature' of a particular offender if the information about 
the signature becomes publicly known. In addition, the 
rarity of encountering a signature left by a perpetrator 
adds up to the difficulty in deriving inferences based on 
signatures (3).
Another significant line of research in IP whilst 
understanding the associations between offender actions 
and his characteristics is the study of offender narratives. 
The social context of a crime and the roles offenders adapt 
and play during an offence are crucial aspects of Narrative 
Action System (NAS).

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