Июнь 2021 10-қисм
Тошкент
different. They also learn to read and write in Finnish on the first grade. The first-graders also prac-
tice reading, writing and spelling in English, but on a very basic level suitable for second-language
learners. Many pupils continue in English-speaking or CLIL classes in the secondary level.
The bilingual classes follow the school’s general curriculum and the general learning goals
and principles are the same as for the mainstream Finnish-speaking classes. Pupil evaluation also
follows the same general principles. It is stated in the school curriculum that the language of in-
struction should not affect the learning outcomes or evaluation.
The CLIL teachers in Uzbekistan are native speakers of Uzbek and have a native-like profi-
ciency in English. The teachers have much freedom in deciding which content to teach in Finnish,
in English, or in both languages, as long as approximately half of the instruction is carried out in
English. Generally, some contents are more suitable to learn in Finnish, such as Finnish history
and the geography of Finland and the Nordic Countries. Mathematics is taught mainly in English,
and only the most essential mathematical concepts are learned in both languages. All CLIL pupils
attend Finnish as a mother tongue lessons and L2 speakers of Finnish take Finnish as a Second
Language lessons once or twice a week.
English has an A1 language status in bilingual classes, meaning that besides content instruction
in English, the pupils attend formal EFL lessons taught solely in the target language by a native
speaker. At the time of the data collection, there was one native English- speaking teacher for the
bilingual classes. The general linguistic goal of the CLIL programme is to provide the pupil with a
functional command of the English language and the ability to use it properly and concisely to con-
vey meaning. This includes having knowledge about the language, listening attentively, talking to
the point, reading with understanding, and writing fluently with accurate spelling and punctuation.
The content of language learning is closely connected to the language skills needed in other aca-
demic subjects (e.g. mathematics, history and science). The pupils should learn the most essential
concepts and contents in different academic subjects in both English and Finnish, so that they may
continue their studies in either language.
The acquisition of L2 Grammar in CLIL. Foreign language education has adopted an increas-
ingly communicative and intercultural emphasis during the past decades. Modern foreign lan-
guage instruction draws primarily on the principles of communicative language teaching (CLT).
The goal is to develop the pupils’ communicative competence, which has four components: gram-
matical, discourse, sociolinguistic and strategic competence. Grammatical competence includes
the knowledge of e.g. vocabulary, word formation, syntax, spelling, and pronunciation. Discourse
competence involves knowledge of the conventions, coherence and cohesion of the language.
Sociolinguistic competence refers to the knowledge required to use the language appropriately
in different social contexts, such as form and function, registers and roles, while strategic compe-
tence is the skill to use
efficient communication strategies.
Communicative language teaching is based on the view that language is learned primarily by
taking part in meaningful interaction and carrying out authentic communicative tasks, defined
by Nunan as a “piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulat-
ing, producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is principally focused
on meaning rather than the form”. Communicative tasks involve, for example, problem solving,
group work and collaborative learning.
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