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3.
Kitobdagi xronologik qismlarga (yozilmagan jamiyat, qo'lda
yozilgan
ma'lumotlar, bosma ma'lumot, texnogen ma'lumot) qarang: Semenovker, BA Axborot
faoliyatining evolyutsiyasi: Savodsiz jamiyat / BA Semenovker; O'sgan. davlat b-ka.
- M.: Pashkov uyi, 2007.- S. 12.
4.
Leonov, V. P. Ilmiy kommunikatsiyalar tizimidagi kutubxona va
bibliografik jarayonlar / V. P. Leonov; O'sgan. akad Fanlar, B-ka Ros. akad fanlar. -
SPb., 1995. - S. 5-6.
MILITARY PHRASEOLOGY AS A PART OF MODERN ENGLISH
TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Abdullayeva Sanobar Xamzayevna
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi IIV Akademiyasi
Tillarni o’rganish kafedrasi o’qituvchisi
The phraseological fund is a kind of reflection of
the picture of the world of
native speakers, the spirit and culture of the people. Separation of combinations of
words, which are reproduced in the language in the form, originally was required to
separate fixed phrases from the combinations, the natural and regularly formed in the
speech. F. de Saussure noted that in the language there were many expressions, which
were ready-made statements which could not be changed even if they can be
decomposed into meaningful parts. Such expressions existed
in the language in a
ready-made form and were transmitted according to tradition. [2]
As we know, throughout the XX-and the beginning of the XXI-centuries we can see a
constant process of English military sublanguage developing with a number of
phraseological units. "Military phraseology" should be understood as a special
layer of the lexical composition of the military language subsystem, which includes
language units denoting concepts directly related to military organizations or armed
forces, and which are allocated to stable combinations of lexemes with full or partial
alteration of meaning. The most productive way of creating military phraseology is
the complete or partial rethinking of the meaning of free
collocations which have a
large semantic potential.[3]
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Focusing on the phraseological units of the military sphere, from which a large
number of stable expressions were borrowed, which later received a new
reinterpreted meaning. We will consider verbal phraseological turns - phraseological
units with the meaning of an action, process. To systematize
the verbal idioms of
military subjects, it is advisable to describe semantic groups of words. This definition
refers to a number of words or phrases that are close in their main meaning, that is,
they belong to the same semantic field. As a rule, such combinations of words are
characterized by a common lexical meaning and the formation of groups based on the
concepts laid down in them. The other source of military phraseology is paroemias -
statements by the military servicemen, writers, journalists and politicians. Their
comments on military events and trends may enrich the military phraseology fund to
an extent sometimes even overshadowing "traditional" phraseology formation means.
While translating military phraseological units it requires encyclopedic knowledge.
Because military language includes terminology that consists
of the words used as
military concepts and emotionally explicit elements of the military vocabulary that in
the most cases are stylistic synonyms of the existing official military terms. Some
innovations, especially phraseologisms, may be incomprehensible to many native
English speakers detached from the military sphere. Understanding such
phraseological units requires contextual knowledge and analysis of their structure.
For instance, the phrase "fireworks display", which meant
originally was used as a
term for simple "fireworks show", during the Gulf War gained metaphorical meaning
- "the first reports of the bombing of Baghdad."[1]
Emotionally charged words and expressions present in the English military
vocabulary originate due to common causes and as such have common features when
they are combined with other well-known and niche words. At the same time, most of
this vocabulary can, under appropriate circumstances, go into general use and become
widely-used. The generally used and well-known segment of the emotionally charged
layer of English military vocabulary consists of words and phrases expressing certain
commonly understood military concepts. For example,
for such a concept as
"to
move"
there are the following emotionally charged synonyms: to dash, to drive, to
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forge ahead, to pour, to push, to race, to role, to spear-head, to steamroll, to surge, to
sweep, to thrust. Nowadays commonly understood and used phrase
"up-hill struggle"
originated in military and means "difficult challenge". There are some cases with the
reversed formation method, when commonly used words or phrases become part of
English military slang:
"see-saw, ding-dong, tug of war"
-
fights with variable
success;
"cloak and dagger service"
- secret service.
It is relatively common for expressive military neologisms to cause additional
difficulties for their understanding even for native speakers who are detached from
the military. Background knowledge is also required for an adequate understanding
of military expressions.
In summary, the interest in military terminology is in dynamic development,
constantly evolving and influencing English terminological and sometimes general
lexical systems as well. Mainly such units are used by
the military servicemen and
journalists in order to facilitate their communication among this particular group of
language speakers and make it more stylistically expressive and emotionally charged.
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