-ly
: easily, hardly, sadly, happily…
Ammo –
ly
ga tugagan barcha so’zlar ham ravish emas: silly, lovely, lonely, elderly, lively, friendly… kabilar
sifatdir, chunki ly ni olib tashlaganda sifatdan boshqa so’z qolsa, sifat hisoblanadi: love-ly…
Yasama ravishlar aksariyat hollarda sifatdan yasaladi: badly, seriously, quickly, carefully, heavily….
Sof ravishdan yasama yasalganda ma’nosi har xil bo’ladi: high – baland: highly-juda; late – kech: lately – so’nggi
paytlarda; low – past: lowly – kamtarlik b-n, hokisorlik b-n; hard – qattiq: hardly – zo’rg’a; near – yaqin: nearly
– deyarly; M: He lives near us ------ He nearly fell when he saw me. He works hard ----- He hardly works.
Ingliz tilida ba’zi so’zlar ham sifat, ham ravish bo’la oladi: fast, long, far, little, much, early, daily, weekly, monthly,
yearly, hard, high, low, near, alike, late, deep, enough (well ravishi kishiga nisbatan sog’lik ma’nosida sifat bo’lib
keladi: I’m well.)…: I like fast food - I walk fast; Hard work needs patience – He works hard; They are waiting for
the late train to Tashkent. – They came late…
Ravishlarning mazmuniga ko’ra turlari:
1)
Orin-joy ravishlari: here – shu yerda(ga), there, where – joyda (qoshma gapda bog’lovchi vazifasida), inside,
outside, above, below, somewhere, anywhere, not… anywhere = nowhere, elsewhere – boshqa bir yerda (ga),
behind, everywhere – har yerda(ga), har tarafda(ga)….: I shall be here while you are sleeping. He showed us the box
where he was going to hide the puppy. Olim hid behind the trees.
Somewhere tasdiq, anywhere so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi: I want to go somewhere in my holidays. Do you
want to go anywhere in your holidays? I don’t want to go anywhere in my holidays = I want to go nowhere in my
holidays.
2)
Payt ravishlari: now, when (paytda – qo’shma gapda bog’lovchi vazifasida), then, today, yesterday,
tomorrow, before, lately, recently, once – bir paytlar, ever, never, always, often, seldom, usually, sometimes,
already, yet, not… yet, still, since, soon, beforehand, just, ago…:
He usually takes the money beforehand. Have you ever been there? No, I haven’t. I have never been there. He has
already left for Tashkent. Has he already left for Tashkent? = Has he left for Tashkent yet? He hasn’t left for
Tashkent yet.
3)
Daraja-miqdor: much, little, very, too, so, enough, hardly, scarcely, nearly, almost, partly…:
a)
much so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. Bo’lishli gapda much o’rniga a lot, a great deal, a good deal
ishlatiladi: Do you work much? I don’t work much. I work a lot.
Much oldiga very, rather, too(juda), so(shunchalik), how(qanchalik), as(-dek) kabi kuchaytiruvchilar ishlatilsa,
much bo’lishli gaplarda ham ishlatiladi: We love our country very much. You work too much.
b)
Little ham much singari inkor va so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi. Ko’pincha uning o’rniga not… much qo’yiladi:
Does he work little? = Doesn’t he work much?
Little oldiga very, rather, too(juda), so(shunchalik), how(qanchalik), as(-dek) kabi kuchaytiruvchilar ishlatilsa, u
bo’lishli gaplarda ham ishlatiladi: He works too little.
c)
Very, too, so, how ravishlari sifat yoki ravish oldidan ishlatiladi: He is very active.
d)
Hardly, scarcely inkor ma’noni bildiradi, ular ishlatilgan gapda some yoki any li so’z ishlatilishi k-k bo’lsa,
any li so’z (any, anybody, anything, anywhere, ever) ishlatiladi: He could hardly recognize anybody there = He
couldn’t recognize anybody there: I hardly ever go there = I never go there.
e)
Nearly, almost ravishlari faqat tasdiq gaplarda ishlatiladi: I nearly fell.
4)
Tarz ravishlari: well, fast, quickly, slowly, quietly(xotirjam, sokin), easily, together…: He could solve the
problem easily. He walked fast. He spoke quietly.
5)
a) too, also, either ravishlari (ham). Og’zakida too, adabiyda also(ega-kesim orasida), inkor gaplarda either:
Olim also came with me = Olim came with me too. Olim didn’t come with me either.
b) else – yana ravishi o’z oldida so’roq so’zlar yoki some, any, no gumon olmoshlarining yasamalarini olib keladi:
What else are you going to buy? Where else shall we stop? Did you tell this secret anybody else?
6)
Ravishlar qo’shma gaplarda bog’lovchi vazifasida ham ishlatiladi:
a)
quyidagi ravishlar teng bog’lovchi vazifasida 2ta teng ma’noli gapni bir-biriga bog’laydi: so, therefore,
however, then, nevertheless, still, yet (baribir, …ga qaramay), besides, moreover, otherwise, or else…: My boss
didn’t come therefore I am calling you(so I am free). My boss couldn’t go to work moreover he didn’t warn me
about it.
b)
Quyidagi ravishlar ergash gapni bosh gapga bog’laydi: when, where, why, how: You don’t know how I am
tired. I shall phone you when I am free. He wants to return to the place where he was born. He knows where I shall
stop.
- 3 -
Ravishlarning gapdagi o’rni
1)
Agar fe’l o’timsiz bo’lsa, Tarz ravishlari fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi: The sun was shining brightly when we went
out.
2)
Agar fe’l o’timli bo’lsa, Tarz ravishlari yo vositasiz to’ldiruvchidan keyin, yoki fe’ldan oldin ishlatiladi: I found
the house easily. I easily found the house.
3)
Agar kesimdan keyin infinitive ya’ni harakat nomi bo’lsa, kesimga tegishli tarz ravishi kesimdan oldin, harakat
nomiga tegishlisi o’sha harakat nomidan keyin qo’yiladi: I
absolutely
forgot to explain the rule
thoroughly
.
I found the way to solve the quiz
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |