Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

E VA LU AT E
1.
Match the following forms of research to their defi nitions:
1.
archival research
a.
directly asking a sample of people 
2.
naturalistic 
questions about their behavior
observation 
b.
examining existing records to 
3.
survey research
test a hypothesis
4.
case study
c.
looking at behavior in its true 
setting without intervening in 
the setting
d.
doing an in-depth investigation 
of a person or small group
archival research p. 37
naturalistic 
observation p. 37
survey research p. 38
case study p. 38
variables p. 39
correlational research p. 39
experiment p. 41
experimental 
manipulation p. 41
treatment p. 41
experimental group p. 41
control group p. 41
independent variable p. 42
dependent variable p. 42
random assignment to 
condition p. 43
signifi cant outcome p. 45
replicated research p. 46
2.
Match each of the following research methods with its pri-
mary disadvantage:
1.
archival research
a.
The researcher may not be able 
2.
naturalistic
to generalize to the population 
observation 
at large.
3.
survey research
b.
People’s behavior can change if 
4.
case study
they know they are being watched.
c.
The data may not exist or may 
be 
unusable. 
d.
People may lie in order to pre-
sent a good image.
3.
A friend tells you, “Anxiety about speaking in public and 
performance are negatively correlated. Therefore, high 
anxiety must cause low performance.” Is this statement 
true or false, and why?
4.
A psychologist wants to study the effect of attractiveness 
on willingness to help a person with a math problem. 
Attractiveness would be the 
variable, and the 
amount of helping would be the 
variable.