|
THE PERSPECTIVES OF USING SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
Abidova Mavjuda Ikramovna,
Tashkent State Dental Institute
214
abidova 0657@ gmail.com
The search for effective methods of teaching foreign languages has been troubling
both scientists and teachers for a long time. The public demand in the present and the
course of Uzbekistan for the linguistic euro integration cause the emergence of new
tasks, among which the following stand out: knowledge of a foreign language (mainly
English) is a prerequisite for the entry of education in Uzbekistan into a single
European and world educational and scientific space; the mobility of citizens (students,
specialists, etc.) in the international intellectual market and the construction of the
European Higher Education Area are possible only on condition of fluency in the
international language of communication, which in fact has become English.
We, the teachers of TSDI, are also concerned about this problem. For us, teaching
is a dynamic process, or better to say, a life consisting of searches, creativity and self-
improvement. In the educational process, in the light of modern requirements, the
department is constantly busy with the work of intensive teaching of a foreign
language. Particular attention is paid to intensive teaching methods, all the time
explanatory work is carried out among students to increase the motivation for studying
medical terminology in the English language.
Terms (from Lat. Terminus - limit, border) are words that give an exact
designation of objects, phenomena, processes in a specific area, for example, in
medicine. The indispensable requirements for them are complete certainty of the
meaning and stability of the definition.
The use of terms is a prerequisite for language and science. Their development
proceeds in parallel, since each new concept must be precisely fixed by a word-term.
Modern medical science uses mainly Latin terms or lexical elements of the Greek
language. Some medical terms are outdated and out of use, others change their
meaning, and new terms appear to express new scientific concepts.
The basis of medical terminology are Greek terms dating back to Hippocrates (5-
4 centuries BC) and Claudius Galen (3-2 centuries BC), as well as Latin terms from
Aulus Cornelius Celsus (1 century BC) AD)
Greek medical terms were influenced by the Latin language, which affected their
transcription, stress and endings.
In English medical texts, the Latin spelling has retained about 40% of the terms
(vertebra, dermatitis), the anglicized spelling has about 60% of the terms borrowed
from the Latin language (incision, muscle).
When forming new terms, Latin terms are usually attached to Latin, and Greek to
Greek, but there are exceptions (for example, in endocervical, the prefix of endo is of
Greek origin, and the root is Latin).
215
In each term, it is customary to consider its etymology (origin) and semantics
(semantic meaning). The modern semantics (interpretation) of a medical term often
does not coincide with its etymology.
Medical terminology is the language used by doctors of various specialties. It
should be clear to the reader and listener in relation to the concepts. The most
acceptable for existence in medical terminology should be considered those words that
are accepted by the majority of specialists, are understandable to everyone and reflect
the essence of a phenomenon or an object. The semantic meaning of a term in medicine
only then becomes common property when it is fixed by an exact term that does not
allow for various interpretations, simple, unambiguous.
The pain and indignation of a number of scientists is caused by the copying of
foreign terms in the scientific medical literature, the so-called Europeanisms, most
often borrowed from the English language. So, in the work "Why" coping "when there
is sovladenie?". Special literature repeats the words "coping behavior", "coping
strategy", "coping resources", "coping prevention", "coping development" and other
"coping". Isn't it heavy? But "it" is fashionable! "
The number of transcriptions of foreign words, the so-called Europeanisms, has
been steadily growing in recent years, primarily due to borrowings from the English
language. Certainly, the terms "precise" (English precise – tochniy, opredelenniy),
"verified" (English verify - proveryat) will not raise doubts among those who know
English. Having become widespread, they could become understandable for most
doctors, acquiring Russian synonyms. But more often the opposite happens.
Inaccuracy, ambiguity in the interpretation of little-known English transcriptions
(sometimes just "cripples" from English words and expressions) bring controversy to
the understanding of a particular scientific work. Therefore, in most cases, it is
advisable to replace little-known transcriptions of a particular term with exactly
corresponding and equivalent in meaning to them Russian synonyms.
A number of terms can be cited as an illustration:
"Defines" - instead of "opredelyat";
“Can be perceived” - in Russian “mojet vosprinimatsya”;
"Simultaneous" - in Russian "odnovremenniy";
"Denotes" - instead of "oboznachayet";
"Interaction" - instead of "vzaimodeystviye";
"Causal link" instead of "prichinnaya";
"Replicate" - instead of "vosproizvodit";
"Prediction" - instead of "predskazaniye".
In some cases, the authors, without inventing new words, give new concepts. For
example, "additive and less than additive effect." An additive (from the English
addition -pribavleniye) effect is a kind of synergy in which the effect of the action of
216
medicinal substances together is equal to the sum of the effects of the action of each
separately.
Authors should also remember that in different sciences the same words can have
different lexical meanings. So, if in biochemistry there is a "coefficient of molar
extinction, then in physiology" extinction "is a weakening of the conditioned reflex in
the absence of its fixation.
We are fully in solidarity with those scientists who systematically and persistently
fight for the culture of the language, since it is about the self-respect of the people, their
morality and spiritual growth. In this regard, I would like to wish all chief and scientific
editors of printed publications more attentive and demanding approach to the language
of publications, otherwise we will never achieve the desired result.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
