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PERIOD
STYLE OF PERIOD
BUILDING
MATERIALS
CHARACTERISTICS
Before 18
th
century
Example
traditional
1 ________
1920s
introduction
of
2
_______
steel, glass and
concrete
exploration
of
latest
technology
1930s
-
1950s
3 ______________
geometric
forms
1960s
decline of Modernism
pre-fabricated
sections
4 ______________
1970s
end of Modernist era
traditional
materials
5 ____________
of historic buildings
1970s
beginning
of
6_________-
era
metal and glass
sophisticated
techniques
paraded
1980s
Postmodernism
7 ____________
Questions 8-12
Reading Passage describes a number of cause and effect relationships. Match each
Cause (8-12) in List A, with its Effect (
A-H
) in List B.
Write your answers (
A-H
) in boxes
9-12
on your answer sheet.
NB
There are more effects in List B than you will need, so you will not use all of them.
You may use any effect more than once if you wish.
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List A CAUSES
List B EFFECTS
8
ABCDEFGH A rapid movement of people from
rural areas to cities is
triggered by technological
advance.
9
ABCDEFGH Buildings become simple and
functional.
10
ABCDEFGH An economic depression and the
second world war hit Europe.
11
ABCDEFGH Multi-storey housing estates are
built according to contemporary ideas on town
planning.
12
ABCDEFGH
Less land must be used for
building.
A
The quality of life is improved.
B
Architecture reflects the age.
C
A number of these have been
knocked down.
D
Light steel frames and lifts are
developed.
E
Historical
buildings
are
preserved.
F
All decoration is removed.
G
Parts of cities become slums.
H
Modernist
ideas cannot be put
into practice until the second half
of the 20th century.
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SECTION 2
(A)
In the middle of Rome’s trendiest neighborhood, surrounded by sushi restaurants and
nightclubs with names like Rodeo Steakhouse and Love
Story, sits the ancient world’s
biggest garbage dump
—a 150-foot-tall mountain
of discarded Roman amphoras, the
shipping drums of the ancient world. It takes about 20 minutes to walk around Monte
Testaccio, from the Latin testa and Italian cocci, both meani
ng “potsherd.” But despite its
size
—almost a mile in circumference—it’s easy to walk by and not really notice unless
you are headed for some excellent pizza at Velavevodetto, a restaurant literally stuck into
the mountain’s side. Most local residents don’t know what’s underneath the grass, dust,
and scattering of trees. Monte Testaccio looks like a big hill,
and in Rome people are
accustomed to hills.
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