I n t h I s c h a p t e r y o u w I l L



Download 5,6 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet344/472
Sana09.04.2022
Hajmi5,6 Mb.
#539976
1   ...   340   341   342   343   344   345   346   347   ...   472
Bog'liq
[N. Gregory(N. Gregory Mankiw) Mankiw] Principles (BookFi)

fiat money.
A
fiat
is simply an order or
decree, and fiat money is established as money by government decree. For exam-
ple, compare the paper dollars in your wallet (printed by the U.S. government)
and the paper dollars from a game of Monopoly (printed by the Parker Brothers
game company). Why can you use the first to pay your bill at a restaurant but not
the second? The answer is that the U.S. government has decreed its dollars to be
valid money. Each paper dollar in your wallet reads: “This note is legal tender for
all debts, public and private.”
Although the government is central to establishing and regulating a system of
fiat money (by prosecuting counterfeiters, for example), other factors are also re-
quired for the success of such a monetary system. To a large extent, the acceptance
of fiat money depends as much on expectations and social convention as on gov-
ernment decree. The Soviet government in the 1980s never abandoned the ruble as
the official currency. Yet the people of Moscow preferred to accept cigarettes (or
even American dollars) in exchange for goods and services, because they were
more confident that these alternative monies would be accepted by others in the
future.
M O N E Y I N T H E U . S . E C O N O M Y
As we will see, the quantity of money circulating in the economy, called the 
money
stock,
has a powerful influence on many economic variables. But before we con-
sider why that is true, we need to ask a preliminary question: What is the quantity
of money? In particular, suppose you were given the task of measuring how much
money there is in the U.S. economy. What would you include in your measure?
The most obvious asset to include is 
currency
—the paper bills and coins in the
hands of the public. Currency is clearly the most widely accepted medium of ex-
change in our economy. There is no doubt that it is part of the money stock.
Yet currency is not the only asset that you can use to buy goods and services.
Many stores also accept personal checks. Wealth held in your checking account is
almost as convenient for buying things as wealth held in your wallet. To mea-
sure the money stock, therefore, you might want to include 

Download 5,6 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   340   341   342   343   344   345   346   347   ...   472




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish