I n t h I s c h a p t e r y o u w I l L


participation and much higher rates of unemployment than the overall popula-



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[N. Gregory(N. Gregory Mankiw) Mankiw] Principles (BookFi)


participation and much higher rates of unemployment than the overall popula-
tion. More generally, these data show that labor-market experiences vary widely
among groups within the economy.
The BLS data on the labor market also allow economists and policymakers to
monitor changes in the economy over time. Figure 26-2 shows the unemployment
rate in the United States since 1960. The figure shows that the economy always has
some unemployment and that the amount changes from year to year. The normal
rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuates is called
the 
natural rate of unemployment,
and the deviation of unemployment from its
Labor force
Adult population
Number of unemployed
Labor force
u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e
the percentage of the labor force
that is unemployed
l a b o r - f o r c e
p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a t e
the percentage of the adult
population that is in the labor force
n a t u r a l r a t e o f
u n e m p l o y m e n t
the normal rate of unemployment
around which the unemployment
rate fluctuates


C H A P T E R 2 6
U N E M P L O Y M E N T A N D I T S N AT U R A L R AT E
5 8 3
natural rate is called 
cyclical unemployment.
In the figure, the natural rate is
shown as a horizontal line at 5.5 percent, which is a rough estimate of the natural
rate for the U.S. economy during this period. Later in this book we discuss
U
NEMPLOYMENT
L
ABOR
-F
ORCE
D
EMOGRAPHIC
G
ROUP
R
ATE
P
ARTICIPATION
R
ATE

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