Club of bologna proceedings


particularly tillage. The rate of work of any tillage



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Bog'liq
1998 CoB Vol 09


particularly tillage. The rate of work of any tillage 
system will impact on sowing da
t
e, which in turn 
is directly related to yield. Selection of machines 
and systems will therefore be of considerable
significance, and when this is coupled with
different cropping patterns, the permutations and 
combinations become almost infinite. Predictio
n
of the outcome of any particular choice on the 
profit made on a farm could be provided by a 
support system of this nature. 
Finally, the support system would have built into 
it the predicted environmental cons
e
quences of 
particular tillage and soil ma
n
agement operations. 
I think we will see an increasing number of
government incentives with environmental
deliverables built into them; what is known under 
Agenda 2000 as cross compliance. The farming 
industry will need to respond to these in the most 
cost-effective manner, and I believe a decision
support system could be the means by which


7 4
farmers can maximise their profits while 
minimising their risks. 
5. Technology for the future 
As I have made clear, I think addressing soil 
compaction needs to be a priority area for the future. 
With existing information and technology we can 
select tyres and machines carefully to minimise the 
problem. We can also extend implement working 
widths and perhaps operate with tracked rather than 
wheeled vehicles. But, there will always be a conflict 
between the need to make each machine do more, 
and thus be bigger and heavier, and the need to 
reduce weight. It is for this reason that I think the 
future lies with Controlled Traffic (CT), the 
permanent separation of cropped and wheel ed 
areas. Although this can be achieved with 
conventional tractor-based systems, (as it is already 
in Australia on tens of thousands of hectares) the 
most practical answer I believe lies with the gantry 
tractor. This technology is already well developed, 
but needs to be understood by our industry. It needs 
to be enthusiastically embraced by farmers and 
manufacturers alike and to be further developed to 
provide a cost-effective practical system for the 21 
st
Century. For those of you who may not be familiar 
with the gantry tractor system, I will provide a brief 
overview. 
A gantry-tractor (
Fig. 4
) may be defined as a tractor 
whose implements either match or are direct 
multiples of its extended track width. 
Gantries have a number of advantages compared with 
conventional tractors for CT operations, the relative 
importance of which will vary from farm to farm. 
These advantages are: 

precise and automatic matching of successive 
passes (bouts) across the field;

land lost to permanent wheelways is minimised 
because there is only one wheel track per 
implement bout (see also Table 7);

the wider track width offered by a gantry provides 
a more stable platform from which
existing or wider applications booms can be 
supported without undue roll or yaw, or the 
need for self-levelling systems; 

full width support for implements allows savings 
in implement cost and weight and often 
precludes the need for folding mechanisms;

the vehicle and system lend themselves to 
precision location of implements [13];

the use of multiple or wider units, particularly in 
vegetable production, reduces labour costs and 
increases output;

crop quality and evenness is improved due to 
fewer wheel passes per unit area;

tillage and sowing can proceed without being 
compromised by wheels or undue implement 
movement (Fig. 5);

in the event that ploughing or deeper tillage
operations are needed, the gantry allows
these to be performed without wheeling 
the bed; 

although the vehicles can be long when
driven in road mode, their fully co-ordinated 
steering at front and rear, make them
extremely manoeuvrable. 
There are of course disadvantages – the main one of 
these being their higher cost. Against this however 
must be set their higher output, which when 
calculated as part of a complete system, makes such 
vehicles highly competitive [14]. 

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