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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Productivity Trends
The United States has one of the highest levels of productivity in the world. Sparked by
gains made in other countries, however, U.S. business has begun to focus more attention
on productivity.
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Indeed, this was a primary factor in the decisions made by U.S. busi-
nesses to retrench, retool, and become more competitive in the world marketplace. For
example, GE’s dishwasher plant in Louisville cut its inventory requirements by 50 per-
cent, reduced labor costs from 15 percent to only 10 percent of total manufacturing
costs, and cut product development time in half. As a result of these kinds of efforts,
productivity trends have now leveled out, and U.S. workers are generally maintaining
their lead in most industries.
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One important factor that has hurt U.S. productivity indices has been the tremendous
growth of the service sector in the United States. Although this sector grew, its produc-
tivity levels did not. One part of this problem relates to measurement. For example, it is
fairly easy to calculate the number of tons of steel produced at a steel mill and divide it
by the number of labor hours used; it is more difficult to determine the output of an
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Quality and productivity are critical ingredients to success in the global automobile industry. Ford
Motor Company struggled for years with low productivity and a poor reputation for quality. But over
the last several years, Ford leaders have sharpened the firm’s focus on both quality and productivity
and, as a result, Ford’s market share, revenues, and profits have been consistently growing.
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Part 5:
Controlling
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attorney or a certified public accountant. Still, virtually everyone agrees that improving
service sector productivity is the next major hurdle facing U.S. business.
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Figure 15.4 illustrates manufacturing productivity growth since 1970 in terms of
annual average percentage of increase. As you can see, that growth slowed during the
1970s but began to rise again in the late 1980s. Some experts believe that productivity
in both the United States and abroad will continue to improve at even more impressive
rates. Their confidence rests on technology’s potential ability to improve operations.

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