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937
(2021) 032012
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032012
3
Figure 1.
The main problems of water supply for beneficiaries 
The average water supply level is 20 thousand cubic meters per 1 sq. km of the country's territory. At 
the same time, the situation with water supply in the republic differs significantly by region. There are 
quite water–rich regions, for example, the Yertis River basin (East Kazakhstan region), at the same 
time there are also regions where water is scarce (Mangystau region). There are eight river basins on 
the territory of Kazakhstan. The territory of Kazakhstan can be divided into eight water management 
basins: the Aral–Syrdarya basin, Balkhash–Alakol, Irtysh, Ural–Caspian, Ishim, Nur–Sarys, Shu–
Talas and Tobol–Turgay. In general, Kazakhstan's water resources are distributed unevenly across 
regions. Thus, the eastern district accounts for 34.5% of all water resources, the northern–4.2%, the 
central–2.6%, the south–eastern–24.1%, the southern–21.2%, the western–13.4% [9–16]. 
Let's consider the state of water resources of Kazakhstan and the level of load on them. The data in 
table 1 clearly show the level of pressure on water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015–
2019.
Table 1. 
The level of pressure on water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015–2019 
Indicators 
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2019/201
5 
Renewable fresh water 
resources (annual river flow 
resources)*, million m3 
115 600 
160 
000 
122 
100 
110 
700 
107 
600 
(8000) 
Fresh water intake*, 
million m3 
21 661 
21 634 
22 454 23 542 
23 516 
1855 
Fresh water intake per 
capita, m3 
1 234.8 
1 215.
8 
1 244.
8 
1 288.
1 
1 270.2 
35.4 
Water Resources 
Exploitation Index, in % 
18.74 
13.52 
18.39 
21.27 
21.86 
3.12 
The level of pressure on 
water resources, in % 
30.04 
30.01 
31.14 
32.65 
32.62 
2.58 
Source: compiled according to the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for 
Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan https://stat.gov.kz/ 
Figure 2 clearly shows the dynamics of the water resources exploitation index and the level of 
population of 
the country 
environment 
the economy of 
the country 
lack of high-quality 
drinking water 
insufficient irrigation 
water during the 
growing season, 
especially in the 
southern regions 
poor-quality 
environment (Aral, 
Balkhash) 
insecurity from pack 
water and low water 
dependence of the 
environmental 
situation on the water 
policy of neighboring 
states (Central Asia, 
China, Russia)
pollution of water 
bodies from discharges 
of consumption of the 
economy 
depletion of water 
bodies from wasteful 
use of water resources 
dependence of the 
water demand of the 
economy on the water 
policy of neighboring 
states (Central Asia, 
China, Russia)
moral and physical 
deterioration of the 
water infrastructure 
insufficient protection 
from flood waters and 
low water 

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AFE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science