213
Glossariy
Termin
O’zbek tilidagi sharxi
Ingiliz tilidagi sharxi
Abrazivli
eyilishga chidamli yuza qatlamini olish,
yanchish yoki turli materiallarni kesish
uchun qo’llaniladigan bikr materialni
tavsifi (odatda keramika).
A hard and wear-resistant
material (commonly a ceramic)
that is used to wear, grind,
or cut
away other material.
Adgeziv
ikkita materialni o’zaro bog’lovchi
modda.
A substance that bonds together
the surfaces of two other
materials (termed
adherends
).
Absorbtsiya
elektronlarni qo’zg’atish yoki
polyarizatsiya yo’li bilan fotonlar
energiyasini material yutish optik
xodisasi.
The optical phenomenon by
which the energy ofa photon of
light is assimilated within a
substance, normally by
electronic polarization or by an
electron excitation event.
Allotropiya
moddaning ikkita yoki undan ko’p
kristallografik strukturasini mavjudligi (
odatda qattiq kimyoviy elementlar
uchun).
The possibility of
the existence
of two or more different
crystal structures for a substance
(generally an elemental solid)
Amorf
kristall struktura hosil qilmaydigan
moddani tavsifi.
Having a noncrystalline
structure.
Anizotropik
turli yo’nalishlarda bir hil xossaga ega
bo’lmaslik.
Exhibiting different values of a
property in different
crystallographic directions.
Anion
manfiy zaryadlangan nometall zarracha.
A negatively charged ion.
Anod
elektrokimyoviy yacheyka yoki
galьvanik juftlikda oksidlanish hosil
bo’lishi yoki elektronlarni tarqalishi.
The electrode in an
electrochemical cell or galvanic
couple that experiences
oxidation, or gives up electrons.
Tolalar bilan sinchlash
mustahkamligi past bo’lgan
materiallarni yuqori mustahkamlikga
ega tolalar bilan sinchlab
mustahkamligini oshirish.
For
precipitation hardening,
aging above room temperature.
Ataktik
yon guruhlarni statik ravishda polimer
zanjirining turli tomonlarida
joylashadigan turdagi polimerlar
tuzilishi.
type of polymer chain
configuration (stereoisomer) in
which side groups are randomly
positioned
on one side ofthe
chain or the other.
Atom tebranishlar
moddaning o’rtacha holatiga nisbatan
atomlarni tebranishi.
A measure of atomic mass; 1/12
of the mass of an atom of C12.
Atom raqami (Z)
kimyoviy elementning atom yadrosidagi
protonlar soni.
For a chemical element, the
number
of protons within the
214
atomic nucleus
Bipolyar tranzistor
elektr signallarni kuchaytiradigan p-r-p
yoki
For semiconductors and
insulators, the
energies that lie between the
valence and conduction bands;
for intrinsic materials, electrons
are forbidden to
have energies
within this range.
Bronza
tarkibini asosan mis va qalay tashkil
etgan qotishma; bronzalar tarkibida
alyuminiy kremniy, nikelь va h.k.
bo’lishi mumkin.
A copper-rich copper–tin alloy;
aluminum, silicon, and nickel
bronzes are also possible.
Vakansiya
odatda kristall panjaradan atom yoki ion
chiqib ketgan joy.
A normally occupied lattice site
from which
an atom or ion is
missing.
Valentli elektronlar
atomlar aro bog’lanishlarni hosil
qilishda ishtirok etadigan yuqori
energiyali elektronlar
The electrons in the outermost
occupied electron shell, which
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