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Water Chemistry
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Sana | 25.02.2020 | Hajmi | 0,95 Mb. | | #40747 |
| Bog'liq Water Chem PP
Water Chemistry - http://bonfirehealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/blue_wave_of_water-wide.jpg
Quick Chemistry: Atoms - All matter is made of atoms.
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- Each atom is made of:
- Neutrons (0 charge)
- Protons (+ charge)
- Electrons (- charge)
Using a Periodic Table - Each block in the periodic chart contains the following:
- Element symbol
- Atomic number
- Atomic mass
Using a Periodic Table - Electrons (-) = the atomic number.
- Protons (+) = the atomic number also. (Atoms are neutral so protons and electrons cancel each other out.)
- Neutrons (0) = the atomic mass minus the atomic number.
Practice… - How many electrons?
- How many protons?
- How many neutrons?
- **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**
Answer… - How many electrons - 6
- How many protons - 6
- How many neutrons - 6
Practice… - How many electrons?
- How many protons?
- How many neutrons?
- **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**
Answer… - How many electrons - 8
- How many protons - 8
- How many neutrons - 8
Practice… - How many electrons?
- How many protons?
- How many neutrons?
- **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**
Answer… - How many electrons - 16
- How many protons - 16
- How many neutrons - 16
Practice… - How many electrons?
- How many protons?
- How many neutrons?
- **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**
Answer… - How many electrons - 15
- How many protons - 15
- How many neutrons - 16
Electrons and Bonding - Electrons arranged in valance shells around the outside of the atoms.
- Each shell holds a specific number of electrons:
- 1st shell = 2 electrons
- 2nd shell = 8 electrons
- Atoms like to have the shells filled and they do this through bonding.
Electrons and Bonding - Bonding is the linking of atoms to form molecules.
- The strongest bond is the covalent bond.
- Covalent bond - when atoms share two electrons.
- The more electrons that are shared, the stronger the covalent bonds.
Electrons and Bonding - Hydrogen bonds are the weakest bond.
- These bonds happen when the electrons in hydrogen are shared unevenly with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
- As a result, the hydrogen has slightly positive charge and the other atom has slightly negative charge – they attract like a magnet.
- If hydrogen is losing part of its atomic structure, how could it become more positive?
The Water Molecule - The chemical formula for water is H2O.
- 2 hydrogen atoms
- 1 oxygen atom
- Use your periodic chart to complete the water molecule diagram:
- How many electrons for oxygen?
- How many electrons for hydrogen?
- Are the outside valences full?
The Water Molecule - Water molecules are formed when each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen molecule.
- Oxygen now has 8 electrons in its outside valence shell and each hydrogen has 2 electrons in the outside valence shell.
The Water Molecule - Because oxygen is big, it pulls the extra electrons and has a slightly negative charge.
- The hydrogens have a slightly positive charge.
- This makes water a “polar” molecule (having opposite ends with different charges).
The Water Molecule - Polar water molecules are attracted to each other.
- When they get close, they form weak hydrogen bonds between each water molecule.
- These bonds allow water to have important traits that support all life on Earth.
Properties of Water - http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/chemistrynow/chem_water.jsp
| | | - Water is a polar molecule.
| - Opposite ends with opposite charges
| - Polar molecules are attracted to other polar molecules. (“Like dissolves like”)
| - Frozen water is less dense than liquid water
| - Frozen water floats (think ice cubes!)
| - Frozen water floats to the tops of ponds and lakes, trapping warmer water underneath for aquatic organisms to survive
| | - Molecules sticking to each other
| | | - Molecules sticking to other, different, molecules
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