Water Chemistry



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Water Chem PP

Water Chemistry

  • http://bonfirehealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/blue_wave_of_water-wide.jpg

Quick Chemistry: Atoms

  • All matter is made of atoms.
  • Each atom is made of:
    • Neutrons (0 charge)
    • Protons (+ charge)
    • Electrons (- charge)

Using a Periodic Table

  • Each block in the periodic chart contains the following:
    • Element symbol
    • Atomic number
    • Atomic mass

Using a Periodic Table

  • Electrons (-) = the atomic number.
  • Protons (+) = the atomic number also. (Atoms are neutral so protons and electrons cancel each other out.)
  • Neutrons (0) = the atomic mass minus the atomic number.

Practice…

  • How many electrons?
  • How many protons?
  • How many neutrons?
  • **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**

Answer…

  • How many electrons - 6
  • How many protons - 6
  • How many neutrons - 6

Practice…

  • How many electrons?
  • How many protons?
  • How many neutrons?
  • **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**

Answer…

  • How many electrons - 8
  • How many protons - 8
  • How many neutrons - 8

Practice…

  • How many electrons?
  • How many protons?
  • How many neutrons?
  • **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**

Answer…

  • How many electrons - 16
  • How many protons - 16
  • How many neutrons - 16

Practice…

  • How many electrons?
  • How many protons?
  • How many neutrons?
  • **Refer back to your notes or the last few slides to help answer each practice problem**

Answer…

  • How many electrons - 15
  • How many protons - 15
  • How many neutrons - 16

Electrons and Bonding

  • Electrons arranged in valance shells around the outside of the atoms.
  • Each shell holds a specific number of electrons:
    • 1st shell = 2 electrons
    • 2nd shell = 8 electrons
  • Atoms like to have the shells filled and they do this through bonding.

Electrons and Bonding

  • Bonding is the linking of atoms to form molecules.
  • The strongest bond is the covalent bond.
  • Covalent bond - when atoms share two electrons.
  • The more electrons that are shared, the stronger the covalent bonds.
  • sharing electrons video

Electrons and Bonding

  • Hydrogen bonds are the weakest bond.
  • These bonds happen when the electrons in hydrogen are shared unevenly with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
  • As a result, the hydrogen has slightly positive charge and the other atom has slightly negative charge – they attract like a magnet.
  • If hydrogen is losing part of its atomic structure, how could it become more positive?
  • BrainPOP

The Water Molecule

  • The chemical formula for water is H2O.
    • 2 hydrogen atoms
    • 1 oxygen atom
  • Use your periodic chart to complete the water molecule diagram:
    • How many electrons for oxygen?
    • How many electrons for hydrogen?
    • Are the outside valences full?

The Water Molecule

  • Water molecules are formed when each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen molecule.
  • Oxygen now has 8 electrons in its outside valence shell and each hydrogen has 2 electrons in the outside valence shell.

The Water Molecule

  • Because oxygen is big, it pulls the extra electrons and has a slightly negative charge.
  • The hydrogens have a slightly positive charge.
  • This makes water a “polar” molecule (having opposite ends with different charges).

The Water Molecule

  • Water Link
  • Polar water molecules are attracted to each other.
  • When they get close, they form weak hydrogen bonds between each water molecule.
  • These bonds allow water to have important traits that support all life on Earth.

Properties of Water

  • http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/chemistrynow/chem_water.jsp
  • Trait
  • Description
  • Biological
  • Importance
  • Water is a polar molecule.
  •  Opposite ends with opposite charges
  • Polar molecules are attracted to other polar molecules. (“Like dissolves like”)
  • Frozen water is less dense than liquid water
  •  Frozen water floats (think ice cubes!)
  • Frozen water floats to the tops of ponds and lakes, trapping warmer water underneath for aquatic organisms to survive
  • Cohesion
  • Molecules sticking to each other
  • Surface tension
  • Adhesion
  • Molecules sticking to other, different, molecules
  • Capillary action

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