Getting the Map Before You Begin
Savvy drivers know that road maps show you the world. A road map tells you where you are,
where you have been, and where you are going. It tells you about your surroundings and, sometimes
more importantly, what's not around you, like a gas station or rest stop.
Securing a road map before any car trip assures a pleasant journey. A pleasant journey could
mean feeling comfortable about where you are going, confident you will make it there in a timely
fashion, and positive you are on the right road. Some people like having a map to plot the quickest
way from point A to B. Others use a map to plan a leisurely trip by looking for all the scenic country
roads. For any reason, knowing before you begin what you want out of the trip and where the journey
can take you is extremely efficient.
When taking a "reading trip" the way to locate the road map is to use a strategy called
previewing. Pre-viewing is a conscious, specific technique of looking over a piece of reading
material before actually reading it . It is a deliberate skimming process that provides you with the
writer's outline so you know the direction of the reading before you begin. As a result you can:
Decide whether the reading is worth your time.
Establish a more specific purpose and responsibility.
Gain valuable background knowledge that helps you read more efficiently and effectively.
Pre-viewing can be applied to any nonfiction reading, including but not limited to newspaper and
magazine articles, chapters in instruction manuals and textbooks, reference guides, newsletters, e-
zines, and more. This pre-viewing process cannot be applied to fiction, since fiction has a different
inherent structure.
While pre-viewing's primary purpose is to provide you with background knowledge about
material you have not seen before, the process also serves as:
A replacement for reading everything in detail.
An introduction to any reading.
A review process that reduces rereading.
For whichever reason you use it, pre-viewing is a powerful and extremely efficient reading tool.
Pre-viewing dispels the commonly held notion that the only way to read is to start from the
beginning and read to the end. Many people believe that just because something was written and
printed that they have to read every word.
When you began reading this chapter, did you just start reading all the words from the beginning?
Or did you look at anything, like skimming through the subheads, before jumping in?
Reading directly from beginning to end is not always the most effective or efficient way to read
any material. Instead, before you read, quickly look for important clues that help you build
background knowledge and establish your reading roadmap.
Do you remember in high school or college when your instructors required you to create an
outline before you started writing a rough draft of an essay or paper? Those who graduated into
nonfiction writing or editing careers still follow this sage advice. As a result,
there is an outline
inherent in all nonfiction reading material.
Outlines provide the structure and organization of written ideas. Usually they summarize the main
points and can be easily located in heads and subheads.
Take a look at the following reading road map legends, in symbol form, and the corresponding
reading clue location.
Keep in mind that not all nonfiction has all these clues but most do. Apply only those that correspond
to your reading material. Below is an abbreviated version of "The History of Reading" from Day 4
with added subheads to give you an idea how the symbols apply to reading. After you review the
passage, review the explanation for each symbol and think about how you activate your background
knowledge when you look for this information.
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