Child Psychology and Psychiatry



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

CONCLUDING COMMENTS
It is often difficult for clinicians to clearly separate
out somatic and psychological aspects of pre-
sentations, and a significant number of children
presenting with clinically significant difficulties
fail to meet diagnostic criteria. The prevailing
situation regarding classification and terminology
Box 21.4
Core components of
treatment

Improve nutritional status

Facilitate development of
appetite/skills acquisition opportunities

Behavioural/psychological interventions

Educate and support caregivers

Liaison with wider system, to include
school, other care providers
represents a significant problem for the field
and has contributed to a relatively poor state of
knowledge with regard to treatment interventions,
course, prognosis and outcome. This represents a
major challenge and a priority for further work.
In addition robust, well-validated assessment
tools are lacking, making it difficult to obtain
reliable incidence and prevalence rates. There are
few long-term follow-up studies of early feeding
problems from which to gauge longer term risks,
and very limited longitudinal data of specific types
of feeding difficulty leading to relatively poor
knowledge about course and prognosis. We do
know, however, that behavioural interventions are
often associated with significant improvements
in feeding behaviour [11], and with proposals
for DSM 5 and ICD-11 on the horizon, new
opportunities for research in relation to treatment
and outcome may be stimulated.
REFERENCES
[1]
Davies WH, Berlin KS, Sato AF
et al
. (2006)
Reconceptualising feeding and feeding disorders
in interpersonal context: The case for a relational
disorder.
Journal of Family Psychology
20
, 409– 17.
[2]
Nicholls D and Bryant-Waugh R. (2009) Eating
disorders of infancy and childhood: definition, symp-
tomatology, epidemiology and comorbidity.
Child
and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
18
, 17– 30.
[3]
Wright CM, Smith KH, Morison J. (2010) With-
drawing feeds from children on long term enteral
feeding: factors associated with success or fail-
ure.
Archives of Disease in Childhood
doi:
10.1136/adc.2009.179861.
[4]
World Health Organization. (1992)
The ICD-10
Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders.
Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines
.
Geneva: World Health Organization.
[5]
American Psychiatric Association. (2000)
Diagnos-
tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
,
4th
edn. Text Revision
. Arlington, VA: American Psy-
chiatric Association.
[6]
Williams K, Riegel K, Kerwin M. (2009) Feeding
disorder of infancy or early childhood: How often is
it seen in feeding programs?
Journal of Child Health
Care
38
, 123– 36.
[7]
Bryant-Waugh R, Markham L, Kreipe RE, Walsh
BT. (2010) Feeding and eating disorders in child-
hood.
International Journal of Eating Disorders
43
,
98– 111.
[8]
ZERO TO THREE. (2005)
Diagnostic Classifica-
tion of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders

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