KO’CHIRMA GAP
O’ZLAHTIRMA GAP
this
That
these
Those
now
Then
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day
the day after tomorrow
two days later
yesterday
the day before
the day before yesterday
two days before
ago
Before
next year
the following year
here
There
last night
the previous night
tonight
that night
16.Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lganda ko’chirma gapdagi zamonlar zamonlar
moslashuvi qoidasiga ko’ra o’zgaradi.
Ex: The teacher said “The exam will be difficult.”
She said,” Ann grew up in Knya.”
The teacher said that the exam would be difficult. She said that Ann had grown up
inKenya.
17.Can modal fe’li couldga va may modal fe’li mightga o’zgaradi. Must modal fe’li majburiyat
ma’nosida had to ga o’zgaradi yoki o’zgarishsiz qolishi mumkin. Qolgan modal fe’llar o’zgarishsiz
qoladi.
Ex: He said that I could fly with the next flight. They said they might come back early. The doctor
said that I must (had to) stop smoking.
18.Noreal vaziyatlarni ko’rsatuvchi zamonlar odatda o’zgarmaydi.
Ex: “I wish I were younger”. Janice said that she wished she were younger. “If I had money, I
would buy you a drink.” He said that if he had money he would buy me a drink.
19.Qo’shma gaplarni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirishda ergash gapdagi o’tgan zamon o’zgarishisiz
qolishi mumkin. “I started the job immediately after I left school.”
Martin said that he had started the job immediately after he left (had left) school.
20.Agar gapdagi faktlar har doim to’g’ri bo’ladigan faktlarni ifodalasa, zamonlar o’zgarmaydi.
Agar gapdagi faktlar hali ham to’g’ri bo’lsa yoki endi amalga oshadigan bo’lsa, zamonlar
o’zgarmasligi mumkin.
Ex: “The Earth goes rounfd the Sun.” Our teacher told us that the Earth goes round the Sun.
“How old are you?” Iasked him how old he was. I asked him how old he is.
21.So’roq gaplarni ko’chirma gapga aylantirishda gap tartibi darakgap tartibiga o’zgaradi. Ex: I
asked,” Where is Alice?” I asked where Alice was. She asked, “What do you need?” She asked me
what I needed.
22.Buyruq gaplarni ko’chirma gapga aylantirishda buyruq maylidagi fe’l infinitivega o’zgaradi.
Ex: The landlady said, “Be quiet after nine o’clock.”
The landlady told us to be quiet after nine o’clock.
23.Darak gaplarda ko’chirma gapga aylatirishda that bog’lovchisi ishlatiladi.
24.So’roq so’zli so’roq gaplarni ko’chirma gapda aylantirishda so’roq so’zning o’zi bog’lovchi
sifatida ishlatiladi. Ex: The nurse asked,” When exactly did the pain start?”
The nurse asked when exactly the pain had started.
25.Ko’chirma gapdagi zamonlar o’zgarmasligi mumkin quyidagi 6ta holatda:
26.Agar asosiy fe’l hozirgi zamonda Ex: He says” I am a student from Samarkand.”
He says that he is a student from Samarkand
27.Agar qo’shtirnoq ichidagi gap umumiy haqiqat bo’lsa. Ex: He said” Teachers teach, students
learn.”
He said that teachers teach, students
learn.
28.Agar qo’shtirnoq ichidagi gap o’tgan zamonda aytilingan bo’lsa ham lekin hali ham haqiqat
bo’lsa.
Ex: Nodir said “I am 21 years old.” yesterday. Yesterday Nodir said that he is 21 years old.
29.Agar qo’shtirnoq ichidagi zamon noreal o’tgan zamoda bo’lsa fe’l shakllari o’zgarmaydi.
Ex: He said “If I had had enough money yesterday I would have bought the house in my
neighbourhood” he said that if he had had enough money the day before, he would have bought
the house in his neighbourhood.
30.Agar qo’shtirnoq ichidagi gap hali kelasi zamonda sodir bo’ladigan bo’lsa Ex: He said “I will
get married in 2022.” He said that He will/would get married in 2022.
31.His-hayajonli so’zlar yoki birikmalar:”Perfect!”, “Wow!”, “Super!”kabi birliklar
S+show+possessive pronoun+ surprise birikmasi bilan chiqadi. Ex: She said “Wow!” – She
showed her surpise.
32.Agarda his hayajon so’zlar negative bo’lsa “Awful!”, “Terrible!” kabi birliklar
S+show+possessive pronoun+irritation birikmasi bilan chiqadi. Ex: She said “Terrible!” – She
showed her irritation.
Change the following sentences from DIRECT to INDIRECT SPEECH:
1. He said, “I will be here at noon.” He said that he would be here at noon.
2. Mary said, “The train will probably arrive on time.”
……………………………………………………………
3. He said, “I have to finish this report by five
o’clock.”……………………………………………………………
4. The doctor said, “Mr. Smith will improve quickly.”
…………………………………………………………….
5. William said to me, “I am leaving in the morning.”
…………………………………………………………….
6. The teacher said, “Everyone has to write a composition.”
……………………………………………………...
7. John said, “I saw that movie on Wednesday.”
…………………………………………………………………...
8. Helen said, “I have read that book.”
………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mary said to John, “I cannot go to the movie with you.”
……………………………………………………….
10. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson.”
………………………………………………………………
11. Mary remarked, “John speaks English well.”
…………………………………………………………………..
12. William said to me, “I will not see Mr. Jones until Tuesday.”
………………………………………………..
13. Mr. Smith said, “I will refuse their offer.”
……………………………………………………………………….
14. John said, “I certainly hope it won’t rain tomorrow.”
………………………………………………………….
15. Henry said, “I can meet them later.”
……………………………………………………………………………..
16. The boy said, “I am only eight years old.”
………………………………………………………………………
17. She said to me, “The lights have gone out.”
……………………………………………………………………
18. The man said, “The telephone is out of order.”
…………………………………………………………………
19. He said, “I will never speak to her again.”
………………………………………………………………………
20. I said to the clerk clearly, “I have already paid that bill.”
……………………………………………………..
2.REPORT what the guests said at a wedding last Saturday:
1. Miss Moore: “They’ll make a lovely couple.” Miss Moore said (that) they would make a lovely
couple.
2. Mr. Smith: “They’re going to live in Brighton.”
…………………………………………………………………
3. Mrs.Jones: “The bride and the groom are very nice young people.”
……………………………………….…
4. Mr. Roberts: “The bride is wearing a beautiful wedding dress.”
………………………………………………
5. Mr. Clarke: “The couple’s parents look happy.”
…………………………………………………………………
6. Miss Mayall: “The bride’s father has bought them a big flat.”
…………………………………………………
3.Write sentences about Jane’s trip to Paris:
1. We’re taking the nine o’clock plane. Jane told me they were taking the nine o’clock plane.
2. I’ll have to get up early. She said
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I don’t really like traveling by air. She told me
………………………………………………………………….
4. But it’s the easiest way to travel. But she decided
……………………………………………………………….
5. We’re going to spend a week in Paris. She told me
……………………………………………………………..
6. I want to go up the Eiffel Tower. She said
………………………………………………………………………..
7. We’ve been to Paris before. She told me
………………………………………………………………………..
8. But we didn’t see everything.But she said
……………………………………………………………………….
9. I’ll send you a postcard. She said
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. But I won’t write you a letter. But she told me
…………………………………………………………………
11. I’m very excited! She said
…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. We’ll be in Paris tomorrow! The last thing she said was that
…………………………………………………
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