Technique Outline
Technique is a knowledge of the tools that may be used for a
certain craft and an understanding of how to apply those tools. In
carpentry, the carpenter rst learns what the tools of his craft are
and then how to use those tools to build things. Similarly, the actor
must learn what the tools at his disposal are and then how he can
utilize these tools in doing a play. This knowledge is his technique.
Acting is living truthfully under the imaginary circumstances of a
play. It can be broken down into two areas: action and moment.
Action is what you go onstage to do, the physical process of trying
to obtain a speci c goal, often referred to as the objective.
Moment is what is actually happening in the scene as you are
playing it at any given instant. Ideally, every moment of a play is
based on what has happened in the moment preceding it. Acting
then is dealing truthfully with the other actors onstage in order to
pursue a speci c goal. The actor should prepare so that he can
improvise onstage while sticking to certain given circumstances.
Given circumstances are anything set forth by the writer or
director that must be adhered to by the actor. The location of the
action of the play and everything that this suggests—for example,
dialects, costumes, or scenery—is a given circumstance. Any
physicality speci ed for a character by the playwright—a limp or a
hunchback, for example—is also a given circumstance. Finally,
anything asked for by the director, from speci c blocking to crying
or yelling at a certain moment, is a given circumstance and must
be respected by the actor as such. In some instances the director
may choose to supplant some of the given circumstances of the
play, such as the location or time period, with his own ideas. In
these cases the actor should simply accept the director’s changes as
the given circumstances of the play. Acting can then be looked at
as improvising within this framework of given circumstances.
The preparation is the work the actor does with the script to nd
the action of a given scene (see
chapters 1
and
2
, “Physical Action”
and “Analyzing a Scene”). The improvisation is the act of
impulsively choosing from moment to moment how to do that
action, and these choices are based on what is going on in the
other actors in the scene at that instant (see
chapter 3
, “The Truth
of the Moment”). This may sound simple, but there is nothing easy
about nding a strong, playable action for a scene, nor is it easy to
see what is going on in another person and to act on those
observations impulsively. These are skills that can only be
developed by years of practice. The actor must understand that a
technique cannot in itself enable him or her to act. Rather, it
provides the actor with tools that, combined with strength of will,
bravery, and common sense, can help the actor bring the life of the
human soul to the circumstances created by the playwright.
The rst part of this book is a presentation and explanation of
the tools the actor has at his disposal. The more habitual the use of
these tools becomes, the easier it will be for the actor to deal with
the pitfalls of the professional theatre discussed in the second half
of this book. The training process is nothing more than the process
of making the use of these tools habitual, just as the rehearsal
process is primarily for habituating the actor to the actions he has
chosen for the play. Once these things are habitual, the actor need
not think about them. Only then is he free to play.
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