T R A N S A C T I O N C O S T S
Transaction costs are a major problem in financial markets. An example will make
this clear.
Say you have $500 you would like to invest, and you think about investing in the
stock market. Because you have only $500, you can buy only a small number of
shares. Even if you use online trading, your purchase is so small that the brokerage
commission for buying the stock you picked will be a large percentage of the pur-
chase price of the shares. If instead you decide to buy a bond, the problem is even
worse because the smallest denomination for some bonds you might want to buy
C H A P T E R 8
An Economic Analysis of Financial Structure
169
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