Demystifying Feynman’s Magic
Feynman was certainly a genius. Many people, including his biographer
James Gleick, are satisfied to leave it at that. A magic trick, after all, is most
dazzling when you don’t know how it is done. Perhaps this is why many
accounts of the man have focused on his magic instead of his method.
Though Feynman was quite smart, his magic had its gaps. He excelled in
math and physics but was abysmal in the humanities. His college grades in
history were in the bottom fifth of his class, in literature in the bottom sixth,
and his fine arts grades were worse than those of 93 percent of his fellow
students. At one point, he even resorted to cheating on a test to pass. His
intelligence, measured while he was in school, scored 125. The average
college graduate has a score of 115, which puts Feynman only modestly
higher. Perhaps, as has been argued afterward, Feynman’s genius failed to be
captured in his IQ score, or it simply was a poorly administered test.
However, for someone so celebrated for a mind beyond comprehension, these
facts remind us that Feynman was mortal.
What about Feynman’s mental calculus? In this case, we have Feynman’s
words himself for how he could compute so much faster than the abacus
salesman or his mathematician colleagues. The cube root of 1,729.03?
Feynman explained, “I happened to know that a cubic foot contains 1728
cubic inches, so the answer is a tiny bit more than 12. The excess, 1.03, is
only one part in nearly 2000, and I had learned in calculus that for small
fractions, the cube root’s excess is one-third of the number’s excess. So all I
had to do was find the fraction 1/1728, and multiply by 4.” The constant
e
to
the power of 1.4? Feynman revealed, “because of radioactivity (mean-life and
half-life), I knew the log of 2 to the base e, which is .69315 (so I also knew
that e to the power of .7 is nearly equal to 2).” To go to the power of 1.4, he’d
just have to multiply that number against itself. “[S]heer luck,” he explained.
3
The secret was his impressive memory for certain arithmetic results and an
intuition with numbers that enabled him to interpolate. However, the lucky
picks of his examiners allowed him to leave an impression of a magical
ability to calculate.
How about the famous lock picking? Once again, it was magic, in the same
sense as a magician performing well-practiced tricks. He obsessed over
figuring out how combination locks worked. One day he realized that by
fiddling with a lock when it was open, he could figure out the last two
numbers on the safe. He would write them down on a note after he left the
person’s office and then could sneak back in, crack the remaining number
with some patience, and leave ominous notes behind.
Even his magical intuition for physics had its explanation: “I had a scheme,
which I still use today when somebody is explaining something that I’m
trying to understand: I keep making up examples.” Instead of trying to follow
an equation, he would try to imagine the situation it described. As more
information was given, he’d work it through on his example. Then whenever
his interlocutor made a mistake, he could see it. “As they’re telling me the
conditions of the theorem, I construct something which fits all the conditions.
You know, you have a set (one ball)—disjoint (two balls). Then the balls turn
colors, grow hairs, or whatever, in my head as they put more conditions on.
Finally they state the theorem, which is some dumb thing about the ball
which isn’t true for my hairy green ball thing, so I say, ‘False!’”
4
Magic, perhaps, Feynman did not possess, but an incredible intuition for
numbers and physics he certainly did. This might downplay the idea that his
mind worked in a fundamentally different way from yours or mine, but it
doesn’t negate the impressiveness of his feats. After all, even knowing the
logic behind Feynman’s sleight of hand, I’m certain I wouldn’t have been
able to calculate the numbers he did so effortlessly or follow some complex
theory in my mind’s eye. This explanation doesn’t provide the satisfying
“Aha!” that it would have had the magician’s trick been revealed as
something trivial. Therefore, we need to dig deeper to an understanding of
how someone such as Feynman could develop this incredible intuition in the
first place.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |