Chapter XI
Principle 8
Intuition
Dig Deep Before Building Up
Do not ask whether a statement is true until you know what it means.
—Errett Bishop, mathematician
T
o the world, he was an eccentric professor and Nobel Prize–winning
physicist; to his biographer, he was a genius; but to those who knew him,
Richard Feynman was a magician. His colleague the mathematician Mark
Kac once posited that the world holds two types of geniuses. The first are
ordinary geniuses: “Once we understand what they have done we feel certain
that we, too, could have done it.” The other type are magicians, whose minds
work in such inscrutable ways that “Even after we understand what they have
done, the process by which they have done it is completely dark.” Feynman,
by his reckoning, was “a magician of the highest caliber.”
1
Feynman could take problems others had worked on for months and
immediately see the solution. In high school, he competed in mathematics
tournaments, where he would often get the correct answer while the problem
was still being stated. While his competitors had just begun to compute,
Feynman already had the answer circled on the page. In his college days, he
competed in the Putnam Mathematics Competition, with the winner receiving
a paid scholarship to Harvard. This competition is notoriously difficult,
requiring clever tricks rather than straightforward application of previously
learned principles. Time is also a factor, and some examination sessions have
a median score of zero, meaning the typical competitor didn’t get even one
right. Feynman walked out of the exam early. He scored first place, with his
fraternity brothers later being amazed at the drastic gap between Feynman’s
score and the next four on the list. During his work on the Manhattan Project,
Niels Bohr, then one of the most famous and important living physicists,
asked to speak with Feynman directly, to run his ideas by the young grad
student before talking with the other physicists. “He’s the only guy who’s not
afraid of me” was Bohr’s explanation. “[He] will say when I’ve got a crazy
idea.”
2
Nor was Feynman’s magic restricted to physics. As a child he went around
fixing people’s radios, in part because paying an adult for repairs in the
Depression was too costly but also because the radio owners marveled at his
process. Once, while he was lost in thought trying to figure out why a radio
was producing an awful noise as it started up, the owner of the radio got
impatient. “What are you doing? You come to fix the radio, but you’re only
walking back and forth!” “I’m thinking!” came the reply, at which the owner,
startled at the boldness for which Feynman would later become famous,
laughed. “He fixes radios by thinking!”
As a young man during the construction of the atomic bomb in the
Manhattan Project, he occupied his free time picking the locks of his
supervisors’ desks and cabinets. He once broke into a senior colleague’s
filing cabinet, where the secrets for building a nuclear bomb were kept, as a
practical joke. Another time, he demonstrated his technique to a military
official, who, instead of fixing the security flaw, decided the proper course
was to warn everyone to keep Feynman away from their safes! Later, upon
meeting a locksmith, he found that his reputation had grown to the point
where the professional said, “God! You’re Feynman—the great safecracker!”
He also created the impression of being a human calculator. On a trip to
Brazil, he went toe to toe against an abacus salesman, computing difficult
figures such as the cube root of 1,729.03. Not only did Feynman get the right
answer, 12.002, but he got it to more decimal places than the abacus
salesman, who was still furiously calculating to get to 12 when Feynman
displayed his five-digit result. This ability impressed even other professional
mathematicians, to whom he argued that he could, within one minute, get the
answer to any problem that could be stated in ten seconds to within 10
percent of the correct number. The mathematicians threw questions at him
such as “
e
to the power of 3.3” or “
e
to the power of 1.4,” and Feynman
managed to spit back the correct answer almost immediately.
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