J.R. Taylor
. He has classed all the sentences into single clauses
and constructions which are built as combinations of clauses. The main criterion
for further division becomes the degree of integration between clauses. The merit
of this classification is that it is based on correlation between formal syntactic
properties of the sentences and processes of conceptual operations (basically,
conceptual integration) which enable the creation of sentences.
The notion “clause” is understood by J.R. Taylor as a syntactic structure
which designates a single process and should be distinguished from clause fusion –
a case of clause combination, based on conceptual and syntactic integration,
though both the structures reveal the “syntax of the simple sentence”. Compare:
These cars are
expensive. These cars are expensive to repair.
The clause fusion
construction can be “unpacked” into two independent clauses, designating two
different processes.
J.R. Taylor starts with c l a u s e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n. The basic
parameters of this classification are the structural and semantic characteristics of
clauses, such as, the number of participants, the semantic role of the participants
and their syntactic expression, kinds of situations (processes) that clauses
designate, i.e. concepts (event types) represented by different kind of clauses.
According to the process type (event type) clauses are classed into those which
designate:
-dynamic processes, e.g.: The house collapsed. The telephone rang.
- stative processes e.g.: The book is 200 pages long. The book is boring. The road
follows the river.
- cognitive processes (mental and perceptual processes), e.g.: I watched the film.
The noise frightened me. I’m afraid of the dark.
-complex processes (processes which are made up of 2 or more component
processes), e.g.: Jane returned the book to the library. I broke the vase.
(The analysis of complex processes in terms of component processes is justified in
that it is sometimes possible to focus on just one component in contrast to the
process in its totality, e.g.: I almost broke the vase. They didn’t elect Joe
president.)
According to the number of participants clauses are classed into one-participant
clauses (Intransitives), two-participant clauses (Transitives), three-participant
clauses (Double-object clauses). J.R. Taylor addresses the semantic roles of
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