42
efforts prior to that date. Over the succeeding three decades, however, he carved
out one of the truly epoch-making careers in the history of Islamic letters, and was
instrumental in Herat's becoming, in Rene Grousset's words, "the Florence of what
has justly been called the Timurid Renaissance.
42
"
From 1469 until his death in 1501, there were really four Mir Ali Shir Navois,
each with his own distinct importance in Islamic history. The first was Navoi the
public administrator, aide and confidant of Sultan Husain Baiqara. Navoi, while
passionately devoted to his craft and to art in general, was no detached, precious
sort. He was thoroughly steeped in the atmosphere of politics and policy-making,
having entered that realm largely as a consequence of his close, if occasionally
rocky, friendship with the sultan. Despite what some European works have
asserted, Navoi never served as a minister or vizier in the Timurid court of Herat,
though he did hold a variety of lesser official posts. Yet his authority was at times
comparable to that of a vizier: in at least one instance, in 1479, he governed Herat
in Sultan Husain's absence. Such worldly tasks must have cut drastically into
Navoi's writing time, but he appears to have felt a genuine sense of obligation both
to his sovereign and to the greater good of the state.
The second, Navoi was the builder. He is reported to have founded, restored,
or endowed some 370 mosques, schools, libraries, hospitals, caravanserais and
other educational, pious, and charitable institutions in Khorasan alone. Probably he
used his clout at court to raise money for such purposes, in addition to drawing on
his own considerable private resources. Among the most famous constructions for
which he was responsible were the Khalasiya madrasa (school) in Herat and the
mausoleum of the 13th-century mystical poet, Farid al-Din 'Attar, in Nishapur
(northeastern Iran).
The final two roles of Navoi are those to which we owe his most valuable
42
In C. E.
Bosworth, E. Van Donzel, W. P.
Heinrichs, Ch. Pellat. The Encyclopedia of Islam VII.
Leiden—New York: E. J. Brill. pp. 90–93.
43
and enduring contributions to civilization. They are Navoi the promoter/patron of
scholarship, arts and letters, and, of course,
Navoi the author. Being himself a musician, composer, calligrapher, painter
and sculptor, as well as a most versatile writer, Navoi was involved with the
complete spectrum of creative forms of expression. He was a friend and generous
patron to such beacons of Timurid culture as the illustrious Persian poet Jami' - the
subject of Navoi's laudatory composition,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: