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then, the concept of bounded rationality suggests that although people try to be rational
decision makers, their rationality has limits.
Another important part of the administrative model is
satisficing
, which suggests that
rather than conducting an exhaustive search for the best possible alternative, decision
makers tend to search only until they identify an alternative that meets some minimum
standard of sufficiency. A manager looking for a new plant site, for example, may select
the first site she finds that meets basic requirements for transportation, utilities, and
price, even though further searching might yield a better location. People satisfice for a
variety of reasons. Managers may simply be unwilling to ignore their own motives (such
as reluctance to spend time making a decision) and therefore not be able to continue
searching after a minimally acceptable alternative is identified. The decision maker may
be unable to weigh and evaluate large numbers of alternatives and criteria. Also, subjec-
tive and personal considerations often intervene in decision situations.
Because of the inherent imperfection of information, bounded rationality, and satisfi-
cing, a manager’s decisions may or may not actually be in the organization’s best inter-
ests. A manager may choose a particular location for a new plant because it offers the
lowest price and best availability of utilities and transportation. Or she may choose the
location because it is located in a community where she wants to live.
In summary, then, the classical and administrative models paint quite different pic-
tures of decision making. Which is more correct? Actually, each can be used to better
understand how managers make decisions. The classical model is prescriptive: It explains
how managers can at least attempt to be more rational and logical in their approaches to
decisions. The administrative model can be used by managers to develop a better under-
standing of their inherent biases and limitations.
25
In the following sections, we describe
more fully other behavioral forces that can influence decisions.
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