in an exceptionally high-quality manner. Some approaches to benchmarking are simple
and straightforward. For example, Canon routinely buys copiers made by other firms
and takes them apart to see how they work. This enables the firm to stay abreast of
newest version of the Focus, it identified the 400 features that customers identified as
value-added
analysis
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being most important to them. It then found the competing cars that did the best job on
each feature. Ford’s goal was to equal or surpass each of its competitors on those 400
features. Other benchmarking strategies are more indirect. For example, many firms
study how Amazon manages its online retail business, how Disney recruits and trains
employees, and how FedEx tracks packages for applications they can employ in their
own businesses.
26
Outsourcing
Another innovation for improving quality is
outsourcing
, which is the
process of subcontracting services and operations to other firms that can perform them
cheaper or better. If a business performs each and every one of its own administrative
and business services and operations, it is almost certain to be doing at least some of
them in an inefficient or low-quality manner. If those areas can be identified and out-
sourced, the firm will save money and realize a higher-quality service or operation.
27
For example, until recently, Eastman Kodak handled all its own computing operations.
Now, however, those operations are subcontracted to IBM, which handles all Kodak’s
computing. The result is higher-quality computing systems and operations at Kodak
for less money than it was spending before. Firms must be careful in their outsourcing
decisions, though, because service or delivery problems can lead to major complica-
tions. As noted earlier, Boeing’s new 787 aircraft is years behind schedule because the
firms to which Boeing outsourced some of its production were not adequately
coordinated.
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