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RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICAL EFFICIENT
TECHNOLOGY OF SOAP PRODUCTION ON THE BASIS OF LOCAL RAW
MATERIALS
Musaev S.Sh., Karimova S.O., Yuldosheva Kh.R., Ruzmetova D.T.,
Urgench State University
Today, various industries in the
country are developing rapidly, including the
production of soap and detergents. However, if we analyze the activity of the soap
industry in more depth, the raw materials for this direction are imported from abroad,
especially from China, as semi-finished products. However, there are more than
twenty oil companies in the country, which produce a
mixture of fatty acids from
soapstock, which is formed during the processing of oils. It is possible to use the
same product as a raw material reserve for the field we are researching. However, the
main part of fatty acids produced by oil companies in the country belongs to the
soapstock of cottonseed oil, and the coloring pigment gossypol, which is present in
cottonseed oil, contains a certain amount of fatty acids.
As a result, the fatty acids
produced become darker, which greatly limits their subsequent use. For this reason,
the fatty acids of cotton soapstock are almost never used in the production of
hygienic soaps today.
Fatty acids obtained from cottonseed soap stock - a waste from the production of
refined oils contain a significant amount of accompanying
and coloring substances,
i.e. phosphatides, gossypol, chlorophyll and their derivatives, which worsen the
commercial properties of the acids obtained. In order to reduce the content of
undesirable
substances, the raw fatty acids of the cotton soap stock are distilled,
where distillation residues are formed, i.e. gossypol resin, which is used in various
sectors of the economy. Unfortunately, the fatty acids
of cotton soap stock do not
always meet the requirements of the standard, especially in terms of the content of
coloring pigments, etc.
Their residue in fatty acids reduces the rate of hydrogenation of unsaturated
acids, worsens the whiteness of the resulting surfactants, and accelerates the process
of their oxidation with active oxygen, which creates
an unpleasant odor and
deterioration of the resulting cosmetics.
We have investigated by the contact method the purification of a mixture of
fatty acids from cotton soap stock with a thermoactivated kaolin adsorbent obtained
from enriched kaolin of the Angren deposit at a special laboratory installation.
In the first experiments, we studied the sorption capacity of the selected
adsorbent of the main components of crude fatty acids in cotton soap stock at 70 ° C,
the intensity of phase mixing equal to 200 rpm. The amount of the added adsorbent
was 3% of the total weight of fatty acids.
The results of the experiments are shown in Fig. 1.
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1-palmitic acid; 2-linoleic acid;
3-gossypol and its derivatives; 4-phospholipids
Fig. 1. Change in the sorption activity of fatty acid components depending on
the
time of contact cleaning
Fig. 1. It can be seen that the highest sorption activity is shown (curve 4) by
phospholipids, which are classified as nonionic surfactants. On the contrary, gossypol
and its derivatives exhibit the least (curve 3).
An intermediate position is occupied by palmitic and linoleic acids, which are
found in large quantities in cotton soap stock. Hence, the components of the raw fatty
acids of cotton soap stock in terms of sorption activity are arranged in the following
decreasing row: phospholipids> palmitic acid> linoleic acid> gossypol and its
derivatives. It is known that the nature of phospholipids also affects the adsorption
activity of clay, in particular kaolin, adsorbents.
Following the realization of the possibility of bleaching the color of cottonseed
soapstock
fatty acids, in our next study, we plan to research the possibility of using
this raw material in the process of creating cost-effective technology for soap
production on the basis of local raw materials.
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