international Shakespeare festival, is one minor symptom of a much larger change
in Shakespeare‘s status. In 2015, to think about Shakespeare primarily as the
cultural property of the British, or even to regard him solely as the supreme literary
figure of Anglophone culture, seems parochial as never before. Although
Shakespeare continues to benefit from the dominance of English as a world
language, more people now speak English as a second or third language than as a
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first, and globally at least as many performances of Shakespeare are given in
translation as are offered in his native tongue. (German-language productions in
Germany, for instance, alone outnumber English-language productions in
Britain and Ireland.) Geopolitically, this has produced a definite shift in the
balance
of
power
in
Shakespearean
performance
and
scholarship.
The years since 2001, for instance, have seen the formal establishment of the
European Shakespeare Research Association (2007), the foundation of the Asian
Shakespeare Association (2014), and the inauguration of the Asian Shakespeare
Intercultural Archive (2010), a Singapore-based digital resource which provides
online access to video recordings of a whole new wave of Shakespearean
performances from Korea, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and mainland China. (In
2015, tellingly, even the loyally Stratford-focused RSC is embarking on a project
to foster a new, more actor-friendly translation of the plays into Mandarin.) These
developments became visible even to those British theatregoers who never venture
beyond London in 2012, when the Cultural Olympiad that accompanied the
London Olympics chose a World Shakespeare Festival as its central feature, and
Shakespeare‘s Globe contributed by hosting visiting productions from all over the
world
– memorably advertised as ‗36 plays in 36 languages.‘
If Anglophone live performance has had its centrality to the world‘s
engagement with Shakespeare challenged over the last two decades, then so has
live performance itself. Film and television have continued to adapt and
appropriate Shakespeare (in Britain, in Hollywood, and ever more visibly in India
and the Far East too), while theatre audiences at mainstream performances by large
companies are more and more likely to find themselves in the company of
television cameras, as more productions are digitally streamed in real time to
screens around the world in a curious 2-D hybrid between live theatre and the
cinema. The physical book, and even the library, meanwhile, have been equally
decentred. Nowadays ‗digital Shakespeare‘ is more likely Buzz Feed quizzes,
satirical memes, movie trailers, and live-performance tweets than specialist-content
subscription sites in
libraries.
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Older scholars, then, have been fortunate to recruit those that, among their
many other qualifications for the job, are significantly younger than us. It isn‘t
exactly that we feel ourselves to be closer to the Shakespeare of Richard Burbage
and the First Folio than to that of Tom Hiddleston and YouTube, but it has been a
definite advantage to have as colleagues brilliant commentators on 21
st
-century
Shakespeare.
Michael Dobson is Professor of Shakespeare Studies and Director of the
Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham, an executive trustee of the
Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, and an honorary governor of the Royal Shakespeare
Company: his previous appointments include posts at Oxford, Harvard, the
University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of London, and he has held
fellowships and visiting appointments in California, Sweden and China. His
publications include The Making of the National Poet (1992), England's Elizabeth
(with Nicola Watson, 2002), Performing Shakespeare's Tragedies Today (2006),
and Shakespeare and Amateur Performance (2011). He, Stanley Wells, Will
Sharpe, and Erin Sullivan are the editors of The Oxford Companion to
Shakespeare, Second Edition.
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