140 hours at the advanced level.
a mandatory content minimum, and requirements for graduation.
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Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
In basic school, the study of algebraic material is aimed at the
formation of a mathematical apparatus for solving problems drawn
from mathematics, related subjects, surrounding reality, the acquisition
of practical skills necessary for everyday life, and the creation of a
foundation for the further study of mathematics. It is intended to
facilitate logical development and the formation of the ability to
use algorithms. The language of algebra underscores the significance
of mathematics as a language for constructing mathematical models
of real-world processes and phenomena. One of the basic purposes of
studying algebra is to develop students’ algorithmic thinking, which
is indispensable, for example, for the assimilation of the course in
computer science; the study of algebra also helps students acquire
the skill of deductive reasoning. The manipulation of symbolic forms
contributes in its own specific way to the development of imagination
and the capacity for mathematical creativity.
In the process of assimilating algebraic material, students have the
opportunity to acquire the symbolic language of algebra, to develop
formal-operational algebraic skills, and to learn to apply them in solving
mathematical and nonmathematical problems. In a broader context,
algebra, along with the other components of school-level mathematics
education, facilitates the development of logical thinking, speaking
skills, and an understanding of the concepts and methods being studied
as crucial means for the mathematical modeling of real-world processes
and phenomena (Ministry, 2004c, p. 2).
In the study of algebra in high school at the basic level, educa-
tors solve the problem of teaching students new types of formulas;
improving practical skills and computational literacy; expanding and
improving the algebraic apparatus formed in basic school; and using
it to solve mathematical and nonmathematical problems (Ministry,
2004d, p. 2).
In high school at the advanced level, the content of algebraic
education represented in basic school is developed in the direction
of constructing a new mathematical apparatus based on an expansion
of number sets from real to complex numbers; and the development
and improvement of techniques for algebraic transformation, solving
equations, inequalities, and systems.
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The study of algebraic material, along with the other components of
school-level mathematics education, contributes to solving the general
problem of developing students’ ability to construct and investigate ele-
mentary mathematical models in solving applied problems, and solving
problems from related disciplines, thereby increasing knowledge about
the special characteristics of the application of mathematical methods in
the study of processes and phenomena in nature and society (Ministry,
2004e, pp. 1–2).
As already stated, the content of school-level mathematics education
is defined by the Standard. Following the Standard, we offer a
description of the content of the algebraic component at the basic
school and high school stages; material that must be studied but is not
part of the graduation requirements is indicated in italics (Ministry,
2004a, 2004b).
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