This milk is off. I'll pour it down the sink.
2 Words that go with countable/uncountable nouns
Some words go with both countable and uncountable nouns: the boat or the
water. But some words go with only one kind of noun: a boat but NOT a water,
much water but how many boats.
how
Countable Uncountable
Singular Plural
the the boat the boats the water
a/an a boat
some (some boat) some boats some water
Noun on its own boats water
no no boat no boats no water
this/that this boat this water
these/those these boats
Possessives our boat our boats our water
Numbers one boat two boats
a lot of a lot of boats a lot of water
many/few many boats
much/little much water
all all the boat all (the) boats all (the) water
each/every every boat
PAGE 179
144 Countable and uncountable nouns
17 NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES
PAGE 180
NOTE
a For some with a singular noun, e.g. some boat, • 179(5).
b We use number of with a plural noun and amount of with an uncountable noun.
a large number of boats a large amount of water
3 The of-pattern expressing quantity
a Look at these phrases.
a glass of water two pounds of flour a piece of wood
NOT a glass water
The pattern is countable noun + of+ uncountable noun.
b Here are some more examples of this pattern.
Containers: a cup of coffee, a glass of milk, a bottle of wine,
a box of rubbish, a packet of sugar, a tin of pears,
ajar of jam, a tube of toothpaste, a sack of flour
Measurements: three metres of curtain material, a kilo of flour,
twenty litres of petrol, a pint of lager,
two spoonfuls of sugar
'Piece': a piece of cheese/chocolate/plastic/cotton
a slice/piece of bread/cake/meat
a sheet/piece of paper, a bar of soap/chocolate
a stick/piece of chalk, a loaf of bread
a drop of water/ink/oil etc, a grain of sand/rice
a lump of coal/sugar etc
NOTE
a In informal English we can use bit(s) of, meaning 'small piece(s) of, e.g. some bits of cheese.
A bit of can also mean 'a small amount of. • 177(2)
b We can say a chocolate bar (= a bar of chocolate) and a sugar lump, but these are
exceptions. For a wine glass, • 147(6).
a piece/slice
of bread
a loaf
(of bread)
a piece
of chocolate
a bar
of chocolate
c We can also use container/measurement + of+ plural noun.
a box of matches a pound of tomatoes
This can be more convenient than saying six tomatoes.
Some expressions go only with plural nouns, not uncountable nouns.
a crowd of people a series of programmes a bunch of flowers
d We can use piece(s) of, bit(s) of and item(s) of with some uncountable nouns. • (4a)
We can also use these expressions.
a period/moment of calm a degree of doubt a sum/an amount of money
PAGE 181
144 Countable and uncountable nouns
e Kind, sort, type and make go with either a countable or an uncountable noun.
what kind of sugar this make of computer
4 Countable or uncountable noun?
a It is not always obvious from the meaning whether a noun is countable or
uncountable. For example, information, news and furniture are uncountable.
I've got some information for you. NOT an information
There was no news of the missing hiker NOT There were no news.
They had very little furniture, NOT very few furnitures
But we can use piece(s) of, bit(s) of and item(s) of with many such nouns.
I've got a piece of information for you.
They had very few items of furniture.
b Here are some uncountable nouns which may be countable in other languages.
accommodation
advice
applause
baggage
behaviour
bread
camping
cash
clothing
countryside
crockery
cutlery
damage
(• Note a)
education
(• Note b)
NOTE
a Damages means 'money paid in compensation'.
He received damages for his injuries.
b Knowledge and education can be singular when the meaning is less general.
I had a good education. A knowledge of Spanish is essential.
c A help means 'helpful'.
Thanks. You've been a great help.
d Work can be countable: a work of art, the works of Shakespeare. Works can mean 'factory':
a steel works. • 154(3)
e We cannot use clothes in the singular or with a number. We can say some clothes but
NOT four clothes. We can say four garments or four items of clothing.
English (the language)
equipment
evidence
fruit
fun
furniture
gossip
harm
health
help (• Note c)
homework
housework
housing
jewellery
knowledge
( • N o t e b)
land
laughter
leisure
lightning
litter
luck
luggage
machinery
money
news
pay (= wages)
permission
pollution
progress
proof
rain
research
rice
rubbish
scenery
shopping
sightseeing
stuff
thunder
toast
traffic
transport
travel
violence
weather
work
(• Note d)
The following nouns are countable. Their meanings are related to the uncountable
nouns above. For example, suitcase is countable, but luggage is uncountable.
bag(s)
camp(s)
clothes (• Note e)
clue(s)
coin(s)
fact(s)
hobby/hobbies
house(s)
jewel(s)
job(s)
journey(s)
laugh(s)
loaf/loaves
machine(s)
rumour(s)
shop(s)
shower(s)
sight(s)
storm(s)
suggestion(s)
permit(s)
suitcase(s)
thing(s)
vegetable(s)
vehicle(s)
17 NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES
5 Nouns that can be either countable or uncountable
a Some concrete nouns are countable when they refer to something separate and
individual, but uncountable when they refer to a type of material or substance.
Countable Uncountable
They had a nice carpet in the living-room. We bought ten square metres of carpet.
The protestors threw stones at the police. The statue is made of stone.
b Animals, vegetables and fruit are uncountable when we cut or divide them.
Countable Uncountable
buy a (whole) chicken put some chicken in the sandwiches
peel some potatoes eat some potato
pick three tomatoes a pizza with tomato
c These nouns can be countable or uncountable with different meanings.
Countable Uncountable
a glass/some glasses of water some glass for the window
my glasses (= spectacles • 155)
a daily paper (= newspaper) some writing paper
my papers (= documents)
an ice (= ice-cream) ice on the road
an iron (for ironing clothes) iron (a metal)
a tin of beans tin (a metal)
a bedside light (= lamp) the speed of light
a hair/hairs on your collar comb your hair
a girl in a red dress wearing even ing dress
I've been here lots of times. I haven't got much time.
(= occasions)
an interesting experience experience in the job
(= an event) (= length of time doing it)
a small business (= company) do business (- buying and selling)
a property (= building) some property (= what someone owns)
The USA is a democracy. the idea of democracy
d The countable noun often refers to a specific example, and the uncountable noun
often refers to an action or idea in general.
Countable Uncountable
a drawing/painting (= a picture) good at drawing/painting
I heard a noise. constant traffic noise
an interesting conversation the art of conversation
a short war the horrors of war
Tennis is a sport. There's always sport on television.
He led a good life. Life isn't fair.
PAGE 183 145 The plural of nouns
e Nouns which describe feelings are usually uncountable, e.g. fear, hope. But some
can be countable, especially for feelings about something specific.
a fear of dogs hopes for the future
doubts about the wisdom of the decision
an intense dislike of quiz shows
Pity, shame, wonder, relief, pleasure and delight are singular as complement.
It seemed a pity to break up the party.
Thanks very much. ~ It's a pleasure.
f When ordering food or drink or talking about portions, we can use countable
nouns.
I'll have a lager. (= a glass of lager)
Three coffees, please. (= three cups of coffee)
Two sugars. (= two spoonfuls of sugar)
Some nouns can be countable with the meaning 'kind(s) of...'
These lagers are all the same. (= kinds of lager)
There are lots of different grasses. (= kinds of grass)
'You can get a meal here.'
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