One of the commonest meanings of
back is when something returns to an earlier
situation or position, or moves in the opposite direction to how it moved before:
We went by coach and came back by train.
Anyway, the bank said, ‘Well, Mrs Hogan, come back next week and we’ll see
what we can do for you.’ So I went back the following week and they
reimbursed me for most of it.
✪
Back does not mean the same as again. Again implies repetition, back simply
means returning something to its former position or situation:
[discussing a jumper damaged in the wash; send it back means ‘send it back
to the shop/manufacturer from where it was bought’]
A: I’ve just noticed. Do you know what’s happened to your jumper? Have
you seen it?
B: What, on there? That always happens to my jumpers.
A: Ah, that’s dreadful though. Could you not send it back?
(… send it again?)
B: Send it back?
(Send it again?)
A: Yeah. Brand new, isn’t it?
B: I’ve only washed it once.
I’m sorry. Could you say that again?
(Could you repeat that?)
(I’m sorry. Could you say that back?)
Back can also mean ‘moving away from something or keeping one’s distance from
something’:
Why should I stand back and watch my kids have to go through this at age
sixteen?
Back + dynamic and stative verbs
22b
Back may be used with dynamic verbs such as come, drive, go, get, look, take,
travel, as well as stative verbs such as be and lie:
I remember a few years ago I was driving back from Wimbledon …
Mohammed’s taken Said to visit a friend and will be back later.
At the back and in the back
22c
When back refers to a point or position in space, at is used. When it refers to an
area or enclosed space,
in is used:
[speaker at a conference]
Can you hear me at the back? I just want to check that the microphone’s working.
(speaker considers the ‘back’ of the hall as a position or point)
56 | From word to grammar: an A–Z
Cambridge Grammar of English
[offer to a passenger in a car]
Would you prefer to sit in the back?
(the back is seen as a part of, or area in, the car)
Back + here, there, home
22d
Back is often used with the adverbs
here,
there and
home:
Meet me back here at five o’clock.
I got back home at quarter to eleven, which was okay.
Back + time expressions
22e
Back can be used with time expressions to emphasise that something happened a
long time ago:
And I got involved in quality circles back in 1988.
Well I used to leave my bike around Truro, I was so naive back then, I just used
to leave it unlocked.
Back can also be used with
a while instead of
ago in informal contexts:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: