Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide

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539 Glossary for any unfamiliar terms

Adverbs and adverb phrases | 459

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Note that certainly most typically occurs as a single-word reply to a request for a

service or favour (compare definitely above, which strengthens the force of an

utterance):

[to a waiter]

A: Can I have the bill please?

B: Certainly.

Intensifying adverbs often occur alone in responses:

A: It’s hot in here.

B: Yes, very.

A: She’s a very bright kid.

B: She is, yes, incredibly.

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95 Response tokens

ADVERBS AND DISCOURSE MARKERS 

249

Most discourse markers belong to the general class of adverbs. However, it is their

function as organisers of larger stretches of conversation or text which qualify

them for classification as discourse markers. The discourse marking functions of

adverbs include signalling closure and pre-closure, labelling of text segments,

topic changes, asides.

Compare the use of anyway as a linking (conjunct) adverb and as a discourse

marker:

I shouldn’t be jealous but I am 

anyway. 

(conjunct)

A: Sorry. You know what I mean. Sounds like you’re gonna post it or

something.

B: No.

A: Oh. Anyway, I’ll have to go cos I’ve got to ring Bob.

B: Right.

(discourse marker, signalling closure)

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108 Discourse markers

460 | Adverbs and adverb phrases

Cambridge Grammar of English

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Prepositions and prepositional phrases

Introduction

250

Simple prepositions

251

Complex prepositions

252

Prepositions and other word classes

253

Prepositions and conjunctions 253a

Prepositions and adverbs 253b

Prepositional meanings: literal and metaphorical

254

Structure of prepositional phrases

255

Premodification 255a

Complementation by a verb 255b

Function of prepositional phrases

256

Panel: Preposition stranding

257

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462 | 

Prepositions and prepositional phrases