Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide



Download 5,36 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet479/1026
Sana15.09.2021
Hajmi5,36 Mb.
#174597
1   ...   475   476   477   478   479   480   481   482   ...   1026
Bog'liq
Cambridge grammar of English


Particles 235b

Phrasal verbs 235c

Transitive phrasal verbs 235d

Intransitive phrasal verbs 235e

Prepositional verbs 235f

Phrasal-prepositional verbs 235g




| 419

Types of verb



INTRODUCTION

227

There are three basic types of verb in English: lexical verbs, auxiliary verbs and

modal verbs.

Lexical verbs

Lexical verbs can stand alone. Lexical verbs have meanings denoting actions,

events and states, and belong to an open class (i.e. new verbs are frequently

created):



They 

laughed.

It 

rained all night.

We had to 

catch a bus.

Some lexical verbs such as appearbebecomefeelgetlookremainseemsmell,



sound

taste, which are followed by predicative complements, are called copular

verbs:

He

’s a teacher.

That 

smells good.

Û

288 Copular complementation



Auxiliary verbs

The auxiliary verbs are bedo and have. Auxiliary verbs add extra information to

the lexical verb. 

● Auxiliary be is used to indicate progressive aspect (



Û 

224


) and passive voice

(

Û 

478

). 


● Auxiliary do is used in the creation of interrogative, negative and emphatic

structures. 

● Auxiliary have is used to indicate perfect aspect (

Û 

225


). 

Auxiliary verbs are usually followed by a lexical verb, but they may occur without

a lexical verb in reduced clauses (i.e. clauses with ellipsis). They may also occur in

clauses where do substitutes for a lexical verb:

A: Are you hoping to get it finished today?

B: Yes, we are.

(ellipsis: Yes, we are hoping to get it finished today.)

A: Will you ring the electrician?

B: I already have done.

(do as substitute verb: I already have rung the electrician.)




Be

do and have can be used as auxiliary verbs or as lexical verbs. In these

examples of bedo and have as auxiliary verbs, the lexical verbs are in green:

He 

was

working

over there.

What 

do they 

call

them?

Have you 

been

home?

I

’ve been

asked

that question a number of times.

Examples of bedo and have as lexical verbs:



That 

was a good meal.

(also referred to as copular be)



He would need to 

do his exams before he went.

Can I 

have a receipt for it?

Modal verbs

Modal verbs belong to a closed class of verbs whose core members are cancould,



may

mightshallshouldwillwould and must, along with semi-modals such as



dare

needought to and used to. Modal verbs generally encode meanings

connected with degrees of certainty and degrees of necessity:

We 

could go up and get one.

A: I’m sure one day you’ll go back to teaching.

B: I might.

We 

ought to do something about that missing roof-tile.

Modal verbs are usually followed by a lexical verb, but they may occur without a

lexical verb in clauses with ellipsis. They may also occur in clauses where do

substitutes for a lexical verb:

A: I’ll give her a ring.

B: Yes, you must.

(ellipsis: Yes, you must give her a ring.)

A: You know the Philips?

B: Well I should do.

(do as substitute verb: Well I should know them.)




Download 5,36 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   475   476   477   478   479   480   481   482   ...   1026




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish