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Examples of aspect in present and past tense



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Cambridge grammar of English

Examples of aspect in present and past tense

aspect


present tense

past tense

progressive

Why

is

he smiling like that?

Why

was

he smiling like that?

perfect


They

have

changed the time.

They

had

changed the time.

(have is present)

(had is past)

perfect and progressive



He

has

been doing some research.

He

had

been doing some research.

combined


The perfect auxiliary have comes before the progressive auxiliary be when the two

are combined:

perfect progressive

He | has been working | on Mrs Green’s case for almost six years.

(He is having worked on Mrs Green’s case …)



Û

214b Ordering of elements in complex verb phrases

TENSE


218

English verbs can show two tenses, present and past. Examples are given in the

table overleaf.



Examples of present and past tenses

verb form

tense

work here.

present


She is working in London.

present


They

have left.

present


We

worked all day.

past


I

was working in the garden.

past


It

had worked well.

past


The marking of tense on irregular verbs often involves internal sound changes

(e.g. sit–satspeak–spoke).



Û

529 Appendix: Irregular verbs

Present tenses are mostly concerned with talking about present time, and past

tenses are mostly concerned with talking about past time.

The present tense forms are also used to talk about other kinds of time,

especially the future. Present tense forms can also refer to the past. This is

particularly true of narratives, where past events may be recounted partly or

wholly in the present tense (for example, jokes are often told entirely in present

tense). This is sometimes referred to as the ‘historic present’. Examples of present

tense forms with future and past reference are given in the table below.


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