Bog-like conditions prevail with mosses, ferns and heathers attracting fox
moths and heather beetles. In damper ground orchids also thrive, sending up
spectacular stalks of flowers. Trees too may take root, the stands of grey willow
and alder providing still more shelter.
The women sported thistles in their hats or heather in their lapels.
Sort of, type of, kind of, class of + count noun
177c
With expressions such as sort of, kind of, type of, class of, category of, singular
count nouns normally occur without
a/an:
What type of shop do you think people use instead of the corner shops?
[the Firth of Forth is a wide river channel in Scotland]
A famous example of this kind of bridge is the road bridge across the Firth of
Forth.
However, in informal spoken contexts, a/an may be used:
What kind of a dad are you?
What sort of a bird was it that you saw?
It went away, then it came back. It was that kind of a flu.
When the plural forms sorts of, kinds of, types of, classes of, categories of are used,
either a singular or plural noun may follow:
[advertisement for a security firm]
All types of locks and security devices fitted, and estimates given.
There are two types of microphone: condenser microphones (otherwise known
as electret) which require a battery, and dynamic microphones which do not.
What kinds of ambitions did you have when you were younger?
The banks give different interest for different classes of deposits.
Various categories of vehicle are exempt from the need to obtain an operating
licence.
NON-COUNT NOUNS
178
General
178a
Non-count nouns show no contrast in number between singular and plural. They
refer to things treated as indivisible entities, not as separate units. They typically
refer to things such as materials and liquids, states of mind, conditions, topics,
processes and substances.
There are two types of non-count nouns: singular and plural.
338 | Nouns and determiners
Cambridge Grammar of English
Singular non-count nouns
178b
Singular non-count nouns are not used with the indefinite article
a/an or in the
plural:
I can hear music.
(I can hear a music.)
The furniture was very old.
(The furnitures were very old.)
They got good advice from the student counsellor.
(They got a good advice from the student counsellor.)
(They got good advices from the student counsellor.)
Some common examples of singular non-count nouns are:
Singular non-count nouns may have concrete meanings (cheese, furniture,
luggage, sand) or more abstract meanings (advice, knowledge, patience, progress).
When concrete nouns are singular non-count, it is usually because they are
seen as an undifferentiated mass. The names of many common items of food and
drink are treated as singular non-count nouns, as are the names of materials. The
nouns in the lists below that are liquids, gases and solids consist of collections of
small particles that are not usually divided and so are seen as a whole:
●
Food and drink:
bread
cake
cheese
coffee
curry
fruit
jam
juice
milk
oil
pasta
rice
salad
salt
spaghetti
spinach
sugar
tea
water
yoghurt
advice
baggage
bread
cement
cheese
electricity
fun
furniture
happiness
help
information
knowledge
luck
luggage
paint
patience
progress
rain
sand
snow
soap
truth
water
weather
violence
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