1
Г.П. Topcyee.
Вопросы фонетической структуры слова (на материале анг
лийского языка). Изд. А Н СССР, М .-Л ., 1962, с. 9-15; Его же. Вопросы ак
центологии современного английского языка. Изд., А Н СССР, М .-Л ., 1960.
Проблемы теоретической фонетики и фонологии. Изд. «Наука», Л., 1969, с. 74-
82; Константность и вариативность в фонетической системе (на материале анг
лийского языка). Изд. «Наука», М ., 1977, с. 71-86.
2
Н. Kurath.
A Phonology and Prosody o f M odern English. Ann Arbor, 1964, pp. 143-
144.
O w in g to the sem antic im p ortan ce o f suffixal m orphem es,
the latter elem en ts in w ord final position m ay be stressed in p o ly
syllabic w ords. T h e stressed suffixes o f these types are:
-ian, -ic
(al), -ental, -mental, -ion, -ious, -eous, -ids, -ade, -ier, -esgue, -
ette, -ique, -oon, -ее, -eer; physician:
/fi'zijn
/, politician
/poli'tijan /,
symbolic
/sim lDolik/,
democratic
/dem o'kraetik,
ori
ental
/o n 'e n ta l/,
instrumental
/in stru 'm en tal/,
decision
/d i'si3 n /,
affection
/a'fek jn /,
religious
/n lid 3 a s /,
courageous
/k /i'rid3 as/,
tonsilitis
/ta n z ilitis /,
blockade
/bl keid/,
cavalier
/k a v a lia /,
gro
tesque
/g ra'tesk /,
novelette
/n o v ilit/,
intrique
/in 'trig /,
unique
/ju :'m k /,
cartoon
/k a :'tu :n /,
employee
/lm p lo i'i:/,
pioneer
/paia'nia/.
S om e o f these w ords w ere borro w ed fro m F ren ch and L atin.
U sually it is difficult to d istin g u ish sem antic and m o rp h o lo g ical
factors as m o rphem es are m eaningful units and, therefore, they
m ay be stressed. T houg h not all suffixes o r suffixal m o rp hem es
m ay alw ays be stressed in w ords w h ich depends on the sem antic
w eig h t o f suffixes. Incidently, w e should d istin g u ish th e sem antic
m orp holo gical facto r o f w ord -stress thanks to the close relatio n
ship b etw een sem antic and m o rphological factors.
T h e sem an tic-m o rp holo g ical factor contrib utes to d eterm in
ing the stress placem en t in w ords w hich are disting uished by the
p lace o f stress, e. g.
reform
/ri'fo :m / (im prove)
- reform
/'ri'fo :m / (form again),
recollect
/ ,п к э le k t/ (rem em ber) -
recol
lect
/'re k o le k t/ (collect again),
overdevelop
/'au v a'd iv elap /,
over
busy
/'a u v a b iz i/,
to over look
/a u v a lu k /,
overcoat
/'a u v a k a u t/.
In the giv en pairs o f w ords the first o f them has one stress w hile
the seco n d receives even (double) stress.
T h e prefixes, w hich are sem antically im portant, m ay also be
stressed, e. g.
anticlerical
/'aen tik lerik al/,
decontrol
/'d ilco n tro l/,
ex-champion
/'e k s 'tjem pian/,
misspel
/'m is'sp el/,
overead
/'au a 'ri:d /,
pre-war
/'p n 'w o :/,
ultra-modern
/'Altra'modan/,
under
take
/'Anda'teik/.
S om e w ords m ay b e co n trasted by differen t position o f
stress. F o r exam ple:
conduct
/k o n d a k t/ -
to conduct
/kan'dA kt/,
protest
/'p rau test/
- to protest
/pro 'test/,
record
/'re k o :d / -
to re
cord
/n k o :d /. B esides, th e d ifferen ce o f the position o f w ord
stress, th ere are som e chang es ow ing to red uctio n an d phonetic
o p p o sitio n b etw een stressed and u n stressed vow els /a u / - /а/, /е / -
/i/, /а - е/ m ay b e observ ed in these w ords.
-163 -
M ix ing the position o f w ord stress in w ords, m ay lead to ac
centual in terference as a resu lt o f w hich a foreign accent o r p ro
nunciation m istake w ill tak e place.
The rhythmic factor
o f w ord stress is observed w h ile sin
gling out a certain syllable o r syllables in accordance w ith rh y th
m ic habits and tendency to altern ate stressed and unstressed
syllables in o rd er to distribute stress contours in relativ ely equal
tim es. W ord stress in E nglish falls on a certain syllable in relatio n
initial, m edial and final positions o f a w ord. In m any cases a syl
lable before prim ary stress is e ith e r u nstressed or w eakly stressed,
a syllable on ce rem o v ed receives secondary stress, e. g.
super
natural
/sjupa'naetjral/,
extravagant
/ekstTA 'vaegant/,
hypercriti
cal
/,Ьа
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