August 26, 2015. Ceglowski’s talk inspired the opening of this chapter.
3
. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
4
. Interview with Tyler Winklevoss, June 9, 2015.
5
.
Satoshi Nakamoto, P2pfoundation.ning.com, February 18, 2009.
6
. Ken Griffith and Ian Grigg, “Bitcoin Verification Latency: The Achilles Heel for Time Sensitive Transactions,”
white paper, February 3, 2014; http://iang.org/papers/BitcoinLatency.pdf, accessed July 20, 2015.
7
. Interview with Izabella Kaminska, August 5, 2015.
8
. Ibid.
9
. Primavera De Filippi and Aaron Wright, “Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex
Cryptographia,” Social Sciences Research Network, March 10, 2015, 43.
10
. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
11
. Izabella Kaminska, “Bitcoin’s Wasted Power—and How It Could Be Used to Heat Homes,” FT Alphaville,
Financial Times, September 5, 2014.
12
. CIA, “The
World Factbook,” www.cia.gov, 2012; http://tinyurl.com/noxwvle, accessed August 28, 2015. Note
that Cyprus’s carbon gas emissions in the same period were 8.801 million metric megatons (2012).
13
. “After the Bitcoin Gold Rush,”
The New Republic, February 24, 2015;
www.newrepublic.com/article/121089/how-small-bitcoin-miners-lose-crypto-currency-boom-bust-cycle,
accessed May 15, 2015.
14
. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
15
. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
16
. Interview with Eric Jennings, July 10, 2015.
17
. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
18
. Interview with Erik Voorhees, June 16, 2015.
19
. Sangjin Han, “On Fair Comparison Between CPU and GPU,” blog, February 12, 2013;
www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~sangjin/2013/02/12/CPU-GPU-comparison.html, accessed August 28, 2015.
20
. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
21
.
Interview with Valery Vavilov, July 24, 2015.
22
. Hass McCook, “Under the Microscope: Economic and Environmental Costs of Bitcoin Mining,” CoinDesk
Ltd., June 21, 2014; www.coindesk.com/microscope-economic-environmental-costs-bitcoin-mining/, accessed
August 28, 2015.
23
. Interview with Bob Tapscott, July 28, 2015.
24
. my-mr-wanky, eBay.com, May 8, 2014; www.ebay.com/itm/3-Cointerra-TerraMiner-IV-Bitcoin-Miner-1-6-
TH-s-ASIC-Working-Units-in-Hand-/331192098368, accessed July 25, 2015.
25
. “PC Recycling,”
MRI of Australia, MRI (Aust) Pty Ltd. Web. August 28, 2015; http://www.mri.com.au/pc-
recycling.shtml.
26
. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
27
. Vitalik Buterin, “Proof of Stake: How I Learned
to Love Weak Subjectivity,”
Ethereum blog, November 25,
2014; https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity/.
28
. Stefan Thomas and Evan Schwartz, “Ripple Labs’ W3C Web Payments,” position paper, March 18, 2014;
www.w3.org/2013/10/payments/papers/webpayments2014 -submission_25.pdf.
29
.
Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.
30
. Interview with Roger Ver, April 30, 2015.
31
. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,”
The Mail Archive, November 7, 2008; www.mail-
archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/oofvok7, accessed July 13, 2015.
32
. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
33
. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
34
.
Interview with Jerry Brito, June 29, 2015.
35
. Ibid.
36
. Interview with Josh Fairfield, June 1, 2015.
37
. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015.
38
. Interview with Izabella Kaminska, August 5, 2015.
39
. Interview with Stephen Pair, June 11, 2015.
40
. Andrew Vegetabile, “An Objective Look into the Impacts of Forking Blockchains Due to Malicious Actors,”
The Digital Currency Council, July 9, 2015; www.digitalcurrencycouncil.com/professional/an-objective-look-
into-the-impacts-of-forking-blockchains-due-to-malicious-actors/.
41
. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.
42
. Vegetabile, “An Objective Look.”
43
. Peter Todd, “Re: [Bitcoin-development] Fwd: Block
Size Increase Requirements,”
The Mail Archive, June 1,
2015; www.mail-archive.com/, http://tinyurl.com/pk4ordw, accessed August 26, 2015.
44
. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Re: Bitcoin P2P E-cash Paper,” Mailing List,
Cryptography, Metzger, Dowdeswell & Co.
LLC, November 11, 2008. Web. July 13, 2015, www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography.
45
. Pascal Bouvier, “Distributed Ledgers Part I: Bitcoin Is Dead,”
FiniCulture blog, August 4, 2015;
http://finiculture.com/distributed-ledgers-part-i-bitcoin-is-dead/, accessed August 28, 2015.
46
. Western Union, “Company Facts,” Western Union, Western Union Holdings, Inc., December 31, 2014. Web.
January 13, 2016; http://corporate.westernunion.com/Corporate_Fact_Sheet.html.
47
. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
48
. Ibid.
49
. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015.
50
. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015.
51
. Andreas Antonopoulos, “Bitcoin as a Distributed Consensus Platform and the Blockchain as a Ledger of
Consensus States,” interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, December 9, 2014.
52
. Andy Greenberg, “Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—with Me in It,”
Wired, July 21, 2015.
53
. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 28, 2015, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter_autonomous_weapons#signatories.
54
. Lisa Singh, “Father of the Internet Vint Cerf’s Forecast for ‘Internet
of Things,’”
Washington Exec, August 17,
2015.
55
. Interview with Keonne Rodriguez, May 11, 2015.
56
. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”
57
. Interview with Ann Cavoukian, September 2, 2015.
58
. Ceglowski, “Our Comrade the Electron.”
59
. http://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/nonfiction/interview-marc-goodman/.
60
. Marc Goodman,
Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected, Everyone Is Vulnerable, and What We Can Do
About It (New York, Doubleday, 2015).
61
. Interview with Steve Omohundro, May 28, 2015.
62
.
The Silver Stallion, chapter 26; www.cadaeic.net/cabell.htm, accessed October 2, 2015.
63
. Interview with Yochai Benkler, August 26, 2015.
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