Encyclopedia of Islam

453–454, 522

Malik ibn Anas  xxxvix, 

454–455

Deoband  192

Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad  

333

Jaafar al-Sadiq  386

Maliki Legal School  455

Medina  470

Shafii, Muhammad ibn Idris 

al-  616

sunna  645

Maliki Legal School  xxv, 

455–456

abortion  7

customary law  176

divorce  200

Fez  236

fiqh  239

Granada  268

Gulf States  271

Hijra  299

Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-

Rahman  334

Ibn Rushd, Muhammad  

336

Ibn Tumart, Muhammad  

340

Libya  443

Malik ibn Anas  454

Sokoto Caliphate  630

sunna  645

Tunisia  672

West Africa  709

mamluk  456

maqam  457, 599

martyrdom  xxvi, 457–460

Ali ibn Abi Talib  33

Ashura  67

death  186

houri  311

Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi 

Talib  319

Husayniyya  321

Ibadiyya  323–324

Iranian Revolution (1978–

1979)  366

Karbala  423

al-Qaida  564

shahada  619

Shiism  624

suicide  642

Twelve-Imam Shiism  677

Marx, Karl  160, 621

Mary  22, 397, 460–461, 559–

560, 627, 632, 712

mathematics  116, 208, 461–

462, 569, 610

Mawdudi, Abu al-Ala  xlvic, 

xlviic, 462–464

Afghan mujahidin  16

Ghannoushi, Rashid 

al-  259

Jamaat-i Islami  388

kafir  422

tafsir  655

Tanzeem-e Islami  660–661

tawhid  666

ulama  685

mawlid  464–465

Mecca  xxiii, xxv, xxix, xxxii, 

xxxviic, xliiic, xlviic, 465–

469, 466

angel  43

Arabian religions, pre-

Islamic  52

Arafat  57

Bedouin  99

Black Stone  108

calendar  124

cities  150

Cordoba  168

Emigrants  213

ethics and morality  215

Fatiha  229

Five Pillars  243

funerary rituals  251

Hagar  281

hajj  281–283

Hanbali Legal School  288

Hashimite dynasty  294, 

295

Hijra  298–299

houses  312

Husayn ibn Ali  318

hypocrites  321, 322

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 

Muhammad  324

Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al-

Din  326

Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad  330

Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad  

333

Ibrahim ibn Adham  341

Id al-Adha  342

Jerusalem  391

Judaism and Islam  410

Kaaba  419–420

Malcolm X  454

mihrab  473

mosque  484

Muhammad  491–492

Night Journey and Ascent  

528

Night of Destiny  529

pan-Islamism  545

prayer  557

qibla  568, 569

Quran  571

Quraysh  574, 575

Rabia al-Adawiyya  578

Saudi Arabia  606

travel  672

umra  690–691

Usama bin Ladin  697

Wahhabism  705

Yemen  716

Zamzam  718, 719

ziyara  722

Medina  xxiii, xxv, xxix, xxxi, 

xliiic, 469, 469–471

Ansar  45

Arabian religions, pre-

Islamic  53

Bedouin  99

calendar  124

cities  150

Companions of the Prophet  

162

Emigrants  213

Fatiha  229

Fez  236, 237

Hijra  298, 299

horse  310

houses  312–313

Husayn ibn Ali  318

hypocrites  321, 322

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 

Muhammad  324

Iraq  369

Jerusalem  391

Judaism and Islam  410

Malik ibn Anas  454

Maliki Legal School  455

mosque  484–486

Muhammad  493–495

Night of Destiny  529

pan-Islamism  545

People of the Book  548

qibla  569

Quran  571, 572

Ramadan  580

Saudi Arabia  606

Usama bin Ladin  697

Wahhabism  705

ziyara  722–724

Mernissi, Fatima  103, 242, 

315, 471

Mevlevi Sufi Order  193, 194, 

471–473, 472, 593, 639

mihrab  347, 473, 473, 484, 

557, 568

minaret  13, 188, 474, 474–475, 

484, 487

minbar  347, 475–476, 484, 

557

miracle  91–92, 329, 476–477, 

707

modernization  5, 283, 297–298, 

316, 710–713

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  xlvic, 

478–479

Iran  363

Iranian Revolution (1978–

1979)  365–366

Khomeini, Ruhollah  435

Mujahidin-i Khalq  499

oil  532

Shariati, Ali  621

Twelve-Imam Shiism  680

Mohammedanism  xxiv, 374, 

477–478

moon  245, 479–480

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Encyclopedia of  Islam

Morocco  xxv, xxix, xlc, xliic, 

xlvc, xlvic, 480, 480–481

Alawid dynasty  29

Almohad dynasty  36

Almoravid dynasty  37

Fez  236–237

Ibn Battuta  330

imam  348

Mernissi, Fatima  471

Moro National Liberation Front  

481–482, 534, 553

Moses  482, 482–484

baraka  92

boat  110

covenant  170

fitna  242

Hijra  298

holy books  307, 308

Judaism and Islam  409, 

410

Khadir  429

Muhammad  492

Night Journey and Ascent  

529

prophets and prophethood  

560

renewal and reform 

movements  585

revelation  589

sunna  645

Torah  671

vizier  703

mosque  180, 218, 232, 384, 

451, 466, 484–486, 485, 539. 

See also specific mosques, e.g.: 

Aqsa Mosque

bazaar  97

prayer  558

Mudejar  42, 486–487

muezzin  13, 101, 474, 487

mufti  487–488

Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani  4

Australia  71

fatwa  233

fiqh  240

Husayni, Muhammad Amin 

al-  317

Israel  382

shaykh  623

Mughal dynasty  xxxii, xliic, 

xliiic, xlivc, 488–490, 489

Akbar  27

Aurangzeb  69–70

Bangladesh  87

Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad  92

Chiragh Ali  139

Chishti Sufi Order  140

Dara Shikoh  183

Delhi  187m, 188

Delhi Sultanate  189

Ghalib, Mirza Asad Ali 

Khan  258

ghazal  260

India  350, 353–355

jizya  403

kafir  421

Persian language and 

literature  551

tafsir  655

umma  689

Muhammad (prophet of Islam)  

xxiii–xxvi, xxix, xxxi, xxxiv, 

xxxviic, 490–496, 491

Abu Bakr  9

ahl al-bayt  23

Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi 

Quhafa  25, 26

Alexander the Great  31

Ali ibn Abi Talib  33

Allah  34

Ansar  45

Arafat  57

authority  73

autobiography  75

aya  77

baqa and fana  90

biography  102

birth control and family 

planning  105

birth rites  106

Black Stone  108

blasphemy  109

Buraq, al-  118

calendar  124

caliph  125

caliphate  126

camel  128

children  136

Chiragh Ali  139

Chishti Sufi Order  139

circumcision  149

cities  150

comic strips and comic 

books  160

Companions of the Prophet  

162

constitutionalism  162

conversion  165

creation  171

crime and punishment  174

dar al-Islam and dar al-

harb  182

Dar ul-Arqam  184

death  186

dialogue  196

divorce  199

dog  201

Dome of the Rock  201

dreams  202

East Africa  206

education  208

Emigrants  213

ethics and morality  216

faith  223

Fatiha  229

Fatima  230

food and drink  246–248

Gabriel  254–255

genealogy  72t

Ghadir Khumm  257

Ghulam Ahmad  263–264

ghulat  264

goddess  265

Gospel  266

government, Islamic  266

hadith  278, 280

Hagar  281

hajj  281, 282

Haqqani, Muhammad 

Nazim al-  289, 290

harem  292

Hashimite dynasty  294

heresy  296

Hijra  298–299

holidays  306

holy books  308

horse  310

houses  312–313

Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi 

Talib  319

hypocrites  321, 322

Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad  

332–333

Ibn Kathir, Imad al-Din  

333

Idris  345

ijmaa  345

Israel  380

Jaafar al-Sadiq  386

Jahiliyya  387

Jerusalem  391, 394

Jesus  397

jihad  398

jinni  402

Joseph  408

Judaism and Islam  409–413

justice  416

kafir  420–422

Khadija bint Khuwaylid ibn 

Asad  427–428

Libya  443

literacy  444–445

Mahdi  447

martyrdom  458

mawlid  464, 465

Mecca  465, 466

Medina  470

Mernissi, Fatima  471

minaret  474

minbar  475

miracle  476

Mohammedanism  477

moon  479

Moses  482–483

mosque  484

Naqshbandi Sufi Order  517

Night Journey and Ascent  

528–529

OIC  535

pan-Islamism  545

pbuh  547–548

People of the Book  548

Perfect Man  549

prayer  557

prayer beads  558–559

prophets and prophethood  

559–561

Qadiri Sufi Order  563

qibla  569

Quran  570–573

Quraysh  574, 575

Rahman, Fazlur  579

Ramadan  580

Rashid Rida, Muhammad  

581

renewal and reform 

movements  585–586

revelation  589–591

Rifai Sufi Order  592

Rushdie, Salman  594

Satanic Verses  605–606

sermon  612

Shafii, Muhammad ibn Idris 

al-  616

shahada  618

sharia  620

shaykh  622

Shiism  623, 624

shirk  627

slavery  630

Sokoto Caliphate  630

suicide  642

sunna  644–646

Syria  647

tafsir  652

tariqa  663

travel  672

ulama  683

Umar ibn al-Khattab  685

Umar Tal  686

umma  688, 689

veil  702

walaya  707

women  711, 712

Zaynab bint Ali ibn Abi 

Talib  720

ziyara  722–724

Muhammad, Elijah

African Americans, Islam 

among  17, 18

Daoud Ahmed  182

Farrakhan, Louis  227

Malcolm X  453–454

Nation of Islam  520–524

prophets and prophethood  

561

United States  694

Muhammad Ali dynasty  496,