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AJMR boundaries, suspension of population mobility and decrease of both consumption and production
cause a reduction of world trade and negatively affect global economic indicators. High attention
is devoted to the current debates of the COVID-19 and its potential effects on global economic
stability. One needs to emphasize that all scholars agree that the adverse consequences of the
disease are inevitable.
As pointed out in the report by Saxo Bank (2020), three major impulses put in motion by the
coronavirus pandemic will have negative effects on the world economy, which are global
demand and supply shocks as well as oil war. They lead to a huge loss of capital and an increase
in systematic unemployment. In addition, the authors believe that the ongoing market shocks by
the coronavirus will not be temporary. The major expected fiscal measures will most probably
accelerate inflationary pressures and the impact of the disease on the global GDP can be deeper
and longer than forecasted since unprecedented lockdowns occur in the US and Europe and
COVID-19 tends to turn seasonal. Another issue that makes great strain on the global economy is
considerable uncertainty of the crisis duration. According to the basic forecasts scenario of IMF
(2020a), the world economic growth is anticipated to reach -3% in 2020 and cumulative output
loss can account for 9 trillion USD for 2020-21, taking into account the intended decrease of
pandemic spread in the second half of the year. However, concerning more adverse alternative
scenarios of development, the global output growth can demonstrate an additional -3% in 2020 if
COVID-19 does not fade in the second half. Moreover, the economies that heavily depend on
trade and international tourism are expected to experience the largest GDP losses among others.
For instance, while the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore‘s output growths are
intended to fall by over 4.5%, Thailand and Cambodia are believed to deal with over a 6%
decrease in GDP (World Bank, 2020). One also anticipates employment to be negatively
affected and can decline by 3% below the baseline. Furthermore, the rapid spread of the disease
forces the most SMEs to shut down for an uncertain time. As a result, business closures are
expected to reduce the output levels by over 15 percent in advanced and emerging economies as
well as by a tremendous 25% in median economies (OECD, 2020). In this regard, virus
containment measures are crucial as crisis duration depends on them. So, each month of
containment is predicted to contribute to a 2%-point loss in annual GDP growth. This
supplements the discussions above.