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Sabot, thirteen farsakh through Zomin to Kurket by the Khovas road, Nujket and Kharshana two
farsakh, from the south east of Kharakana to Arsiket in the south east of Ferghana nine farsakh.
Nine farsakhs from the town of Faghket (Bunjiket), on the way to Khujand, from Faghket to
Ghazak two farsakh, and six farsakh from Khujand to Ghazak
24
.‖ At the same time, the villages
on Mount Bouttim over Zarafshan were also part of the Ustrushana region
25
.
The book ―Hudud ul-olam‖ describes the cities and villages of Ustrushana as follows:
―Navinjkas is the village of Sarushana and is the residence of the Emir of the district. It is a
populous place, with a lot of fruits and rivers. Faghkas, Ghark, Sobot, Kurkas – were the towns
in Sarushana area, with a large number fields and population. Butamon - an oasis in the hills, in
the area of Sarushana. It consists of three parts: Inner Butamon, Central Butamon and Exterior
Butamon. This is region with a lot of fields; the place of dervishes. It has many villages. People
prepare wine and dig iron from the mountains. " Charkan is one of the cities of Surushana, a
very beautiful place
26
.
The great Mawrari historian Abu Sa'd al-Sam'ani (1113-1167) in his book ―Ansab‖
(―Genealogy‖) states: "Ustrushana is a large province in front of Samarkand and below the
Sayhun River
27
."
One of the medieval geographical scholars, Ibn Hauqal states: ―Ustrushana, like other provinces
of Movarounnahr, was famous for its abundance of agricultural products. These products were
exported outside the province, including Khujand. Some cities had very large markets. Mink and
Marsman were proud of Ustrushan iron weapons, which were very popular in Khorasan and
Iraq
28
.‖
The famous bibliographer Yakut al-Hamawi (1179-1229) writes in his book ―Mu'jam al-
Buldon‖: Ustrushana is a large region near Samarkand and in the lower part of Sayhun. There
were about four hundred fortifications in Ustrushana. Ustrushana is rich in natural resources,
including gold, silver, iron and other precious minerals
29
.
In the early Middle Ages, Movarounnahr was divided into more than fifteen smaller countries,
and they were called under different names. For instance, in Bukhara region - Bukharhudods and
Vardonhudods, in Miyankol - Dabusshakhs, in Ustrushana - Afshins, in Chach and Iloq -
Buduns and Tuduns and in Sughd and Fergana kings existed at that time. They belonged to
different dynasties of local Turkic tribes
30
.
During the Turkic khanate in the sixth century AD, the relationship between the local population
and the Turkic tribes developed. Marital relations were established. Ustrushana Afshin (leader)
Hasan ibn Haydar married the daughter of the Turkish military leader. The coins of the VI-VIII
centuries coined in the country tell about the first rulers of Ustrushana - Chirdmish, Satagari,
Rakhang
31
.
The government inherited from father to child during this time. After the Arab invasion of
Ustrushana in the beginning of the VIII century, Ustrushana became a battleground between the
Arab and the Tan dynasty. In 749 the Chinese marched, and in 751 Ustrushana was conquered by
the Arabs. Only from the beginning of the IX century Haidar ibn Qawus began serving in the
Arab Khalifa‘s service. In 835, Haidar ibn Kawus, commander of the last caliph of Usrushana,
appointed as the commander of the Arab army. He won the Caliph's attention due to his victory
over the Greeks in Asia Minor and the suppression of the Babak Revolution. According to Arab
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 9, Issue 6, June, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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