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From the Uzbek Orientalists, doctor of historical sciences Sh.C. Kamoliddinov in his research on
the book ―Kitab al-ansab‖ by Abu Sa'd al-Sam‘oni, provides several information about
Ustrushana and some ustrushaniy scholars came from this region
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. Also, Ph.D., prof. A.
Muminov was one of the first scholars in Uzbek Islamic studies to give information about a
scholar from Ustruashana - Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Ustrushani and his works
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.
We can see that the Ustrushana region was named differently in various sources. The name of
this region can be seen in some sources as Asrushana or Ashrusana, Osrushana or Sutrushana,
Surushana, Shurusana, Shurushana
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. In Chinese chronicles such as Beshi and Suyshi, the area
was known as Eastern Tsao (no water). This is due to the fact that, unlike neighboring Chach and
Sughd, there were no rivers. In the Chronicles of Tanshu we also find the terms "Shuaydushana",
"Suduyshana", "Sudushina", "Suydushana". The name of the country in the palace of the
Emperors palace was also called Laywi (submissive with pride in Chinese language). The
Chinese geographer of the eighth century, Xuan-dzan, wrote in his Yearbook that the country
was also called "Sutulisen." It also reports that there was a large desert in the north-west
(Mirzachul) and that the ruler of the country lived on the northern slopes of Mount Basi
(Turkestan Range). In Chinese sources, Ustrushana is mentioned as an independent government
in IV-V centuries. Its young, initiative ruler sent his ambassador to China in the early VIII
century with ambassadors from Samarkand. The language of the people living in Ustrushana is
close to that of the people living between the Syrdarya and Amudarya rivers, which speak the
same language as the Sogdian language. Written sources of the Han Age said that the inhabitants
from Davan (Ferghana) to Ansi (Bactria) spoke different languages and understood each other,
although they spoke different dialects. Oriental scientist K.V. Trever notes that Ustrushana's
territory encompasses twelve provinces, from Bactrian land to Syrdarya, one of the Sughd tribes
living in south
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.
Ancient Ustrushana, in turn, has its place in history as one of the largest cultural centers in
Movarounnahr. It is mentioned that Movarounnahr was famous not only for its scientific
potential, but also for its material and economic development. For example, the famous
geographer Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Istahri (died in 957) wrote in his book
―Masolik al-Mamolik‖: "Movarounnahr is the richest region in the Islamic world ... Here people
harvest several times a year. In the event of a drought, their harvest will last for another year or
two. In Sughd, Ustrushana, Ferghana, Shash and other areas, the fruits trees bear so much fruit
that even animals feed on fruit.‖
In some sources in our country and Central Asia in general, there is a tendency to link the
development of culture with Islam. In fact, ―for thousands of years, there has been a rich culture
in the Central Asian region at the crossroads of world trade routes. It is natural that medieval
culture, science, and the development of science in the Central Asian region played a key role in
the formation of the Baghdad Academy.
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‖
In addition, Al-Istahri also commented the geographical features of the region as follows:
―Ustrushana is a climate name like Soghd and there was not a city of Ustrushana. Most of
Ustrushana is bordered by mountains, Samarkand region to the west, Shash oasis to the north
and some parts of Ferghana, to the south a small part of Kesh, to Saghanyan, Shumon, Vashgird,
to the east with Ferghana. The cities and villages in Ustrushana were named as Bunjiket, Zomin,
Dizak, Arsiyaniket, Kurket, Ghazak, Faghket, Sabot, Nujket, Kharkana. The distance between the
cities of Ustrushana is five farsakh (one farsakh or farsang equals to 6 kilometres) from
Kharakana to Dizakah, nine farsakh from Kharakana to Zomin, three farsakh from Zomin to
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 9, Issue 6, June, 2020 Impact Factor: SJIF 2020 = 6.882
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