The formation of old english adverbs: structural description and functional


miscelánea: a journal of english and american studies 41 (2010): pp. 37-57 ISSN: 1137-6368



Download 308,06 Kb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet4/17
Sana29.08.2021
Hajmi308,06 Kb.
#159388
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   17
Bog'liq
3-Article Text-6-1-10-20110328

miscelánea: a journal of english and american studies 41 (2010): pp. 37-57 ISSN: 1137-6368

Gema Maíz Villalta

40

of the inflectional paradigm of the target category. The typology of zero-derivation

phenomena in Old English includes (Martín Aristafc-a): (i) zero derivation with

explicit inflectional morphemes and without explicit derivational morphemes, as in



ri:dan ‘to ride’ > ri:da ‘rider’; (ii) zero derivation without explicit or implicit

morphemes, whether inflectional or derivational, as in bi:dan ‘to delay’ > bi:d

‘delay’; (iii) zero derivation without inflectional or derivational morphemes and

with ablaut, as in dri:fan ‘to drive’ > dra:f ‘action of driving’; and (iv) zero

derivation with ablaut and unproductive formatives such as -m in fle:on ‘to fly’ >

fle:am ‘flight’. 

Converted adverbs, according to the definitions just provided, are illustrated by (3).

The target category is given between brackets:

(3)  æfter 2 ‘after’  (æfter 3, adjective), e:a

e 2 ‘easily’ (e:ae 1, adjective), for 1

‘forth’ (for

 3, adjective), onriht 2 ‘aright’ (onriht 1, adjective), wier 3 ‘against’

(wi

er 1, adjective).

Conversion raises the problem of determining the direction of the process:

either from the adverb or towards the adverb. The solution that I propose is

based on the existence of inflection: whereas nouns and adjectives are highly

inflected in Old English, adverbs are practically invariable with the exception of

the expression of comparative or superlative grade, which is infrequent. I assume

that conversion takes place from the more inflected to the less inflective class,

that is, from nouns and adjectives to adverbs. This proposal is consistent with

the well-attested diachronic evolution (Givón 2009:57) whereby inflectional

morphology turns into derivational morphology. The adverb itself provides

evidence for this view, given that some derivational suffixes are former

inflectional morphemes, such as –e in bealde ‘boldly’ or –es in ealles ‘all’. Another

argument in favor of this view can be found in verbal Ablaut, which produces

preterit and past participle stems that, ultimately, are available as bases of

derivation.

98 adverbs can be analyzed as having been converted from adjectives (e.g. a:nli:pe



2  ‘alone’,  wi

er 3 ‘against’), whereas 4 adverbs only have been converted from

nouns (e.g. hinderling 2 ‘backwards’,  sci:re 1 ‘brightly’). Along with these, 19

adverbs have been found for which there is a nominal and an adjectival candidate

for base of conversion (e.g. si:

 2 ‘late’, twigilde 2 ‘with a double payment’). When

more than one category can be the base of conversion (typically, the adjective and

the noun) the adjective is chosen for two reasons: firstly, because categorial

polysemy is far more frequent between the adverb and the adjective (98 instances

out of 122) and, secondly, because the adverb and the adjective are modifiers, the

former at clause level and the latter at phrase level. 




Download 308,06 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   17




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish