Annotation: This article provides an overview of the similarities and differences between the structural-semantic, derivational features of sports terms in English and Uzbek

Annotation: This article provides an overview of the similarities and differences between the structural-semantic, derivational features of sports terms in English and Uzbek, as well as the terminological features of phraseological lexical units.

Key words: sports, terminology, Physical culture
As a result of our analysis of the terminological system of sports, it can be said that in addition to the terms of the field, it is natural that there are terminological neologisms (terminological neologisms). Consequently, when a term related to a particular sport in English is first used or is likely to be used in the Uzbek language, this process is, of course, a phenomenon related to the term neologism. The popularity of such terms is closely related to the development of the industry in which they exist. In sports, there are also occasionalisms that are studied as part of neologisms. They are words created by poets, writers, linguists, and scholars in unconventional ways. The emergence of occasionalisms is interesting compared to other areas. Because in this field, occasions are not created by poets, writers, linguists, or scientists, but by athletes or coaches. Occasions arise as a result of a new movement or style created by an athlete or coach being named after its inventor. In linguistics, this is also called the eponymous method of word formation. The sources studied show that the acceleration of the flow of information in society and the improvement of technology have led to the convergence of terms between term and non-term words. The popularization of scientific and technical advances, on the other hand, has turned some terms into words used in the usual, regular form. Naturally, there is a continuous connection between language and society. Over time, real realities in society take on a new name, while the old ones go out of consumption or undergo semantic change in the process of application. As a result, the language will have a wider lexical capacity. The term physical education has existed in the history of the Uzbek language and is often replaced by the term physical education, mainly a program of specific exercises aimed at strengthening health, human body and mental development, and it is an integral part of general education. Physical culture is part of the general culture, the (voluntary) attitude of an individual towards physical activity to promote health. According to the composition of this area: hygiene, proper nutrition, the development of physical activity can show a number of processes. Regular activities with physical education and physical culture lead a person to the field of sports. Therefore, in order not to provoke controversy, we have analyzed, in particular, sports-related terms in our study. In order to define the boundaries of the studied sports terms, four terminological criteria mentioned by AA Soburova are taken as a basis: 1) the terms are not only nominative terms, but also perform a definitive function; 2) they have a unambiguous, monosemantic character; 3) terms are formalized lexical units that are regulated and coordinated by society; 4) in the form of words and phrases on the structure of terms. The sports terms analyzed in our study are largely limited by these four factors. In recent years, the acceleration of the industry, the emergence of new sports, the continuous emergence of terms in the field have also created some problems with the nomination activity in the language. In this process, the emergence of mixed, complex, complex and confusing concepts is observed. Therefore, it is effective to classify and group sports lexical units according to the principles of nomination in the following form: 1. Nominations representing an object or object in sports: belt - belt, card - card (yellow, red), whistle - whistle, lappak - discuss, yadro - shot (rounded iron ball), chana - sleigh (sled). 2. Nominations representing "person" or "participant" in sports: referee - referee, defender - defender, hockey player - hockey player, fan - supporter, second - second, coach - coach (trainer). 3. Nominations representing "action" in sports: kick - to kick (hit), block - to block (save), attack - to attack, bow - bow, applause - to applause, break - to break. 4. Nominations representing "place" in sports: field - field (pitch), court - court, camp - camp, stadium - stadium, cycle track - bicycle track, pool - pool. 5. Nominations representing sports in the field of sports: wrestling - wrestling, boxing - boxing, running - running, swimming - swimming, fencing - fencing, alpine skiing (mountain) skiing, sea racing - sea (marine) racing.

6. Mixed nominations in the field of sports: ice palace (ice sports complex), sports time - sports time, sports hygiene - sports ’hygiene, VAR (video assistant referee) system - VAR system (video assistant referee). In translating phraseological units, their grammatical (morphological), etymological features are as important as their phonetic aspect. Combinatorial changes are important in the use of English phraseological units as terms in Uzbek. This phonetic phenomenon covers such processes as accommodation, assimilation, dissimilation, haplology, dieresis, metathesis, epenthesis. The following phonetic changes are observed in sports phraseological units. In particular, the hat trick is a hat given by the team to a goalkeeper who hit the target three times in a row in a cricket match in the 19th century. Now, in a phraseological sense, a sequence means three goals or a win (in football, cricket, running). It is used in the Uzbek language as a hater term with a phonetic change. The term hatrick is used in its entirety by adding the words hat and trick in Uzbek without losing its English derivative properties. Phonetically, haplology is pronounced by dropping one of the two adjacent t + t sounds that occur in the lexical unit, where the phenomenon of sound change occurs. The transition of sports-related phraseological units from one language to another does not serve to further enhance the effectiveness of speech as in the original language, to figuratively express the person, thing, event, and worldview depicted. They transmit only one meaning from the original language to another. It is characteristic that phraseological units borrowed from English as terms or neologisms in Uzbek are used in two different ways. Significantly, they do not deny each other. In particular: 1) by using an alternative in translation; 2) directly using the form in the original language. Such units include the English man of the match, golden rich phraseological units. Golden rich - this phraseological unit is multifunctional in English. The use of this unit in figurative senses can cause confusion in other languages. Including 1) golden rich - the name of a traditional award established by the Football Association for the best player in world football under the age of twenty; 2) golden rich - useful behavior of players who played in the national team or club, their naming based on their characteristics; 3) golden rich - Athletes who are bought to the team at a high price but fail to show themselves are ironically referred to by fans and experts as golden rich. In Uzbek, the term golden rich is used both directly and by using an alternative. Sports-related phrases are not actively used in the language of people who are far from the field and are not well known to them. Such units are widely used as means of artistic expression in the speech of the characters in works of art, and serve to increase the effectiveness of the work, to reveal the character's character, the spiritual world. Proper translation of such phraseological units not only allows the literal meaning to reach the reader correctly, but also allows the idea to be expressed meaningfully. In general, no matter what type of phraseological units, they cannot be literally translated from one language to another. If they are translated literally, it loses the phraseological meaning it expresses. It is expedient to translate the phrases according to the context in which they appear, the internal laws and features of the language of translation. For example: magic wand - magic (al) stick; the laughing devil - smiling devol; stellar disease - star fever; the group of death - the group of death is applied to a group that is stronger than the rest of the group as a result of the draw. In the field of sports, the phenomenon of antonymy also occurs in the structure of phraseological units that have become a term. Although they are few in number, they are used in speech. In particular, the phraseological units the special one and the normal one are used by sports journalists as antonyms.

Anotoratsiya: Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o'zbek tillarida o'zbek va o'zbek tilidagi strukturaviy, nizom va o'zbek tillarida o'xshash narsalar va farqlar o'rtasidagi o'xshashliklar va farqlar, shuningdek frazologik leksik buyumlarning terminologik xususiyatlari.

Kalit so'zlar: sport, terminologiya, jismoniy madaniyat

Sportning terminologik tizimini tahlil qilish natijasida aytish mumkinki, sohada bor atamalarga qo'shimcha ravishda terminologik neologizmlar (terminologik neologizmlar) mavjudligi tabiiydir. Shunday qilib, ingliz tilida ma'lum bir sport turiga oid atama, birinchi navbatda, o'zbek tilida ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lsa, bu jarayon, albatta, neologizmning atamasi bilan bog'liq hodisadir. Bunday shartlarning mashxurligi ular mavjud bo'lgan sohani rivojlantirish bilan chambarchas bog'liq. Sportda vaqti-vaqti bilan neologizmlarning bir qismi sifatida o'rganilgan. Ular shoirlar, yozuvchilar, tilshunoslar va olimlar tomonidan noan'anaviy yo'llar bilan yaratilgan so'zlardir.

Vaqti-vaqti bilan boshqa sohalar bilan taqqoslaganda qiziqarli. Chunki bu sohada shoirlar, yozuvchilar, tilshunoslar yoki olimlar, balki sportchilar yoki murabbiylar tomonidan yaratilmaganligi sababli. Sportchi yoki murabbiyning ixtirochi nomi bilan yaratilgan yangi harakat yoki uslub natijasida yuzaga keladi. Tilimshunoslikda bu so'zni shakllantirishning eponimmi deb ham nomlanadi. Manbalarga ko'ra, jamiyatda ma'lumot oqimining tezlashishi va texnologiyalarni takomillashtirish muddati va muddatli so'zlar o'rtasidagi nuqtai nazarni yaqinlashishga olib keldi. Ilmiy va texnik yutuqlarni ommalashtirish, boshqa tomondan, odatiy, muntazam shaklda ishlatiladigan so'zlarga aylangan. Tabiiyki, til va jamiyat o'rtasida doimiy aloqadir.

Vaqt o'tishi bilan, jamiyatdagi haqiqiy voqeliklar yangi nomga ega, eskilari iste'mol qilish jarayonida iste'mol qilish yoki semantik o'zgarishlarga duch kelishadi. Natijada til yanada kengroq leksik qobiliyatga ega bo'ladi. Jismoniy tarbiya atamasi o'zbek tili tarixida mavjud bo'lgan va ko'pincha jismoniy tarbiya muddati, asosan, sog'liqni saqlash, inson tanasi va aqliy rivojlanishni kuchaytirishga qaratilgan muayyan mashqlar dasturi va u umumiy ta'limning ajralmas qismidir. Jismoniy madaniyat umumiy madaniyatning bir qismidir, jismoniy shaxsning (ixtiyoriy) sog'liqni saqlashni rivojlantirish uchun jismoniy faoliyatga bo'lgan munosabatidir. Ushbu sohaning tarkibiga ko'ra: gigiena, to'g'ri ovqatlanish, jismoniy faoliyatni rivojlantirish bir qator jarayonlarni ko'rsatishi mumkin. Jismoniy tarbiya va jismoniy madaniyat bilan muntazam harakatlar odamni sport sohasiga olib boradi.

Shuning uchun, bizning tadqiqotimizda qarama-qarshilikni qo'zg'atmaslik uchun, bizning tadqiqotimizda, xususan, sport bilan bog'liq atamalarni tahlil qildik. Tayyorlangan sport shartlarining chegaralarini aniqlash uchun AA Soburova tomonidan qayd etilgan to'rtta terminologik mezonlar quyidagicha: 1) atamalar nafaqat nominativ shartlar, balki aniq funktsiyalarni amalga oshirishi; 2) ular bir ma'noga ega, monosemantik xarakterga ega; 3) jamiyat tomonidan tartibga solinadigan va muvofiqlashtirilgan leksik birliklarning rasmiylashtirilganligi; 4) atamalar tuzilmasidagi so'zlar va iboralar shaklida. Bizning tadqiqotimizda tahlil qilingan sport shartlari asosan ushbu to'rt omil bilan cheklangan. So'nggi yillarda sanoatning jadal rivojlanishi, yangi sport turlarining paydo bo'lishi, sohadagi atamalarning davomi, shuningdek, tilda nominal faoliyat bilan bog'liq ba'zi muammolarni ham yaratdi. Ushbu jarayonda aralash, murakkab, murakkab va chalkash tushunchalarning paydo bo'lishi kuzatilmoqda. Shuning uchun, quyidagi shaklda ko'rsatilish printsiplariga muvofiq sport leksik birliklarini tasniflash va guruhlashtirish samarali bo'ladi:

1. Sportda ob'ekt yoki ob'ektni ifodalovchi nominatsiyalar: Ob'ekt yoki ob'ektni ifodalash: Ob'ekt yoki ob'ektni ifodalash: , Lapak - Yadro-otishma (yumaloq temir to'p), Chana - sli. 2. Sportda "shaxs" yoki "ishtirokchi" nominatsiyalari: hakam - hakam - hakam - Xokkey o'yinchisi - Xokkey o'yinchisi - xokkey o'yinchisi - xokkey o'yinchisi - ikkinchi - ikkinchi, murabbiy (trener). 3. Sportda "Harakat" nomli nominatsiyalar: tepish (urish), blokirovka qilish (Saqlash), Hujum - Qiynoqqa, tanaffus - tanaffus qilish. 4. Sportda "joy" vakili "joylashtirilgan" nominatsiyalari: maydonlar maydoni (pitch), sud - Sud, Sud - lager, stadion, velosiped trek - basseyn. 5. Sport sohasi sohasida sportni namoyish etuvchi nominatsiyalar: kurash - kurash, boks - ishlov berish, silliqlash, silkinish - qirg'in, dengiz poygalari - dengiz (dengiz) poyga. 6. Muzlar sohasida (Muz sport majmuasi), sport vaqti, sport gigienasi - Sport vaqti - Sport vaqti, Sport gazi - Sport (video yordamchi hakami). Frassalom bo'linmalarini, ularning grammatikasi (morfologik), etimolologik xususiyatlar ularning fonetik tomoni kabi muhimdir. Kombinatsion o'zgarishlar inglizcha frakologik birliklardan foydalanishda o'zbek tilidagi atama sifatida muhimdir.

Ushbu fonetik hodisalar turar joy, assimilyatsiya, tarqatish, gierezi, dazlezi, dierezi, metaezi kabi jarayonlarni qamrab oladi. Sport klassikymalarida quyidagi fonetik o'zgarishlar kuzatilmoqda. Xususan, shlyapa - bu jamoaning 19-asrdagi kriket o'yinida uch marta urgan darvozabonga berilgan shlyapa. Endi ixtisoslologik jihatdan, ketma-ketlik uchta gol yoki g'alaba (futbol, kriket, yugurishda). U o'zbek tilida fonietik o'zgarish bilan Haterveye atamasi sifatida ishlatiladi. Xatrikning atamasi o'z ingliz tilidagi xislatini yo'qotmasdan shlyapa va hiyla so'zlarini qo'shib, butunlay ishlatiladi. Jonetik jihatdan, gaplologiya leksik birlikda sodir bo'lgan ikkita qo'shni t + t tovushlaridan birini tashlab, ovoz o'zgarishining hodisasi yuzaga keladi. Sport bilan bog'liq xrauzmollik bo'linmalarining ikkinchisidan boshqasiga o'tishi, asl tilda bo'lganidek, nutqning asl mohiyatini yanada kuchaytirishga xizmat qilmaydi, bu yoki voqea tasvirlangan. Ular faqat bir ma'noni dastlabki tildan boshqasiga o'tkazadilar.

O'zbek tilida atamalar yoki neologlar sifatida ingliz tilidan olingan frakologik birliklarning turlicha qo'llaniladi. Shunisi e'tiborga loyiqki, ular bir-birlarini inkor etmaydilar. Xususan: 1) tarjimada alternativa yordamida; 2) to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shakldan asl tilda foydalanish. Bunday bo'linmalar bir o'yinning ingliz tilida, oltin boy frastologik birliklarga kiradi. Oltin boy - ushbu frazologik bir funktsiyali ingliz tilida ko'p funktsiyali. Ushbu jihozni majoziy hislarda ishlatish, boshqa tillarda chalkashliklarga olib kelishi mumkin. 1) Oltin boy - yigirma yoshgacha bo'lgan dunyo futbolidagi eng yaxshi o'yinchi uchun futbol assotsiatsiyasi tomonidan tashkil etilgan an'anaviy mukofotning nomi; 2) milliy terma jamoada yoki klubda o'ynagan futbolchilarning foydali xulq-atvori, ularning xususiyatlariga asoslanib nomlash; 3) jamoaga yuqori narxda sotib olingan, ammo o'zlarini muxlislar va ekspertlar tomonidan taniqli boylik bilan ta'kidlash uchun oltin boy sportchilar. O'zbek tilida oltin boylik atamasi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri va muqobildan foydalanadi. Sport bilan bog'liq iboralar daladan uzoqda bo'lgan odamlar tilida faol foydalanilmaydi va ularga yaxshi ma'lum emas.

Bunday bo'linmalar san'at asaridagi belgilar nutqida badiiy ifoda sifatida keng qo'llaniladi va ish samaradorligini oshirishga, shuningdek, fe'l-atvorning fe'l-atvorining fe'l-atvorini, ma'naviy olamini ochib beradi. Bunday bgozologik birliklarning to'g'ri tarjimasi nafaqat o'quvchiga to'g'ri etib borish uchun so'zma-so'z ma'noga imkon beradi, balki fikrni mazmunli ifoda etishga imkon beradi. Umuman olganda, qaysi bracologik bo'linmalarning turidan qat'i nazar, ular bir tildan boshqasiga tarjima qilinishi mumkin emas. Agar ular tom ma'noda tarjima qilinsa, u ifodalangan frazologik ma'noni yo'qotadi. Jumlalarni tarjima tilining paydo bo'lishi, ichki qonunlar va xususiyatlari nuqtai nazaridan tarjima qilish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Masalan: Sehrli tayoqch - Sehr (Al) sik kulayotgan Iblis - jilmayib devol; Yulduzlar kasalligi - yulduz isitmasi; O'lim guruhi - o'lim guruhi guruhning qolgan qismidan kuchliroq bo'lgan guruhga nisbatan qo'llaniladi. Sport sohilida anmonim hodisasi, shuningdek, atamaga aylangan frazologik birliklarning tarkibida ro'y beradi. Garchi ular raqamlar oz bo'lsa-da, ular nutqda qo'llaniladi. Xususan, maxsus birlik va normal sportchilar sport jurnalistlari tomonidan Antonim sifatida foydalaniladi.